Syllabus and Scheme of Examination
For
B.Sc Chemistry(Core) & Chemistry(Generic
Elective)
SIDO-KANHU MURMU UNIVERSITY,
DUMKA - 814101 (Jharkhand)
Under
Choice Based Credit System
2017
Course Structure (Chemistry-Major)
Details of courses under
B.Sc. (Honours) Course *Credits Theory+ Practical
=======================================================
I. Core Course 14×4= 56 (14 Papers)
Core Course
Practical 04×4+02x06= 28 (07 Papers)
II. Elective
Course (8 Papers)
A.1. Discipline
Specific Elective 4×4=16 (4 Papers)
A.2. Discipline
Specific Elective 2×4=8 Practical/Tutorial* (4 Papers)
B.1. Generic
Elective/ Interdisciplinary 4×4=16 (4 Papers)
B.2. Generic
Elective Practical/ Tutorial* 4×2=8 (4 Papers)
Optional
Dissertation or project work in place of one Discipline
Specific Elective
paper (6 credits) in 6th Semester
III. Ability
Enhancement Courses
1. Ability
Enhancement Compulsory (2 Papers of 2 credit each) 2×2=4
Environmental
Science
English
Communication
2. Ability
Enhancement Elective (Skill Based)
2×2=4 (Minimum 2)
(2 Papers of 2
credits each)
_________________
Total credit 140
PROPOSED SCHEME FOR CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM IN
B. Sc. Honours (Chemistry)
|
Semester
|
Core Course
(14)
|
Ability
enhance
ment
compuls
ory
course
(AECC)
(2)
|
Ability
enhancemen
t effective
course
(AEEC) (2)
(Skill Based)
|
Elective
:
Discipli
ne
specific
DSE
(4)
|
Elective:
General (GE)
(4)
|
|
I
|
Inorganic I:
Atomic structure and Chemical
Bonding-I (4)
|
English
commun
ication
|
GE 1
|
||
|
Physical I:
States of matter and ionic Equilibrium (4)
|
|||||
|
Practical-1(4)
(4)
|
|||||
|
II
|
Organic I:
Basic and hydrocarbons (4)
|
Environ
mental
Science
|
GE-2
|
||
|
Physical II:
Chemical thermodynamics and
its
applications (4)
|
|||||
|
Practical-II
(4)
|
|||||
|
III
|
Inorganic II:
s and p block elements (4)
|
SEC-1
|
GE-3
|
||
|
Organic II:
Oxygen containing functional
groups
(4)
|
|||||
|
Physical III:
Phase equilibria and Chemical Kinetics (4)
|
|||||
|
Practical-III
(6)
|
|||||
|
IV
|
Inorganic III:
Coordination Chemistry
|
SEC-2
|
GE-4
|
||
|
Organic
III: Heterocyclic Chemistry (4)
|
|||||
|
Physical IV:
Electrochemistry (4)
|
|||||
|
Practical-IV
(6)
|
|||||
|
V
|
Organic IV:
Biomolecules (4)
|
DSE- 1
|
|||
|
Physical V:
Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy (4)
|
DSE- 2
|
||||
|
Practical-V
(4)
|
|||||
|
VI
|
Inorganic IV:
Organometallic Chemistry (4)
|
DSE-3
|
|||
|
Organic
Chemistry V: Spectroscopy (4)
|
DSE-4
|
||||
|
Practical VI
(4)
|
|
Semester
|
Course Opted
|
Course name
|
Credits
|
|
I
|
Ability
Enhancement
Compulsory
course- I
|
English
Communications
|
2
|
|
Core
Course-I
|
Inorganic
Chemistry-I
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course-II
|
Physical
Chemistry-I
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course- Practical-I
|
4
|
||
|
Generic
Elective -1
|
GE-1
|
4
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -1 Practical
|
2
|
||
|
II
|
Ability
Enhancement Compulsory Course-II
|
Environmental
Science
|
2
|
|
Core
Course-III
|
Organic
Chemistry-I
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course-IV
|
Physical
Chemistry-II
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course Practical-II
|
4
|
||
|
Generic
Elective -2
|
GE-2
|
4
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -2 Practical
|
2
|
||
|
III
|
Core
Course-V
|
Inorganic
Chemistry-II
|
4
|
|
Core
Course-VI
|
Organic
Chemistry-II
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course –VII
|
Physical
Chemistry-III
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course Practical-III
|
6
|
||
|
Skill
Enhancement Course -1
|
SEC-1
|
2
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -3
|
GE-3
|
4
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -3 Practical
|
2
|
||
|
IV
|
Core
Course-VIII
|
Inorganic
Chemistry-III
|
4
|
|
Core
Course-IX
|
Organic
Chemistry-III
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course-X
|
Physical
Chemistry-IV
|
6
|
|
|
Core
Practical-IV
|
4
|
||
|
Skill
Enhancement Course -2
|
SEC -2
|
4
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -4
|
GE-4
|
2
|
|
|
Generic
Elective -4 Practical
|
4
|
||
|
V
|
Core
Course-XI
|
Organic
Chemistry-IV
|
4
|
|
Core
Course-XII
|
Physical
Chemistry-V
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course Practical-V
|
4
|
||
|
Discipline
Specific Elective -1
|
DSE-1
|
4
|
|
|
Discipline
Specific Elective -2
|
DSE-2
|
4
|
|
|
Discipline
Specific Elective Practical-I
|
4
|
||
|
VI
|
Core
Course-XIII
|
Inorganic
Chemistry-IV
|
4
|
|
Core
Course-XIV
|
Organic
Chemistry-V
|
4
|
|
|
Core
Course Practical-VI
|
4
|
||
|
Discipline
Specific Elective -3
|
DSE-3
|
4
|
|
|
Discipline
Specific Elective-4
|
DSE-4
|
4
|
|
|
Discipline
Specific Elective 4 Practical-II
|
4
|
||
|
Total
Credits
|
140
|
Core Papers (C):
(Credit: 04 each) (1 period/week for tutorials or 4
periods/week for
practical)
1. Inorganic
Chemistry I: Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding (4 )
2. Physical
Chemistry I: States of Matter & Ionic Equilibrium (4 )
3. Practical -I (4)
4. Organic
Chemistry I: Basics and Hydrocarbons (4 )
5. Physical
Chemistry II: Chemical Thermodynamics and its Applications (4)
6. Practical-II (4)
7. Inorganic Chemistry
II: s- and p-Block Elements (4)
8. Organic
Chemistry II: Oxygen Containing Functional Groups (4)
9. Physical
Chemistry III: Phase Equilibria and Chemical Kinetics (4)
10. Practical-III
(6)
11. Inorganic
Chemistry III: Coordination Chemistry (4)
12. Organic
Chemistry III: Heterocyclic Chemistry (4)
13. Physical
Chemistry IV: Electrochemistry (4)
14. Practical-IV
(6)
15. Organic
Chemistry IV: Biomolecules (4)
16. Physical
Chemistry V: Quantum Chemistry & Spectroscopy (4)
17. Practical-V (4)
18. Inorganic
Chemistry IV: Organometallic Chemistry (4)
19. Organic
Chemistry V: Spectroscopy (4)
20. Practical-VI
(4)
Discipline Specific
Elective Papers: (4 papers) - DSE 1-4
1. Applications of
Computers in Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
2. Analytical
Methods in Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
3. Green Chemistry
(4) + Lab (4)
4. Industrial
Chemicals & Environment (4) + Lab (4)
Other Discipline
(Four papers of any one discipline) - GE 1 to GE 4
1. Mathematics (5)
+ Tut (1)
2. Physics (4) +
Lab (2)
3. Economics (5) +
Tut (1)
4. Computer Science
(4) + Lab (2)
5. Zoology (4) +
Lab (2)
6. Botany (4) + (2)
7. Geology (4) +
(2)
8. Anthropology (4)
+ (2)
Skill Enhancement
Courses (02 papers) (Credit: 02 each) - SEC1 to SEC-2
1. Business Skills
for Chemists
2. Intellectual
Property Rights
CORE COURSE (HONOURS IN CHEMISTRY)
Semester I
CHEMISTRY-C I:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I(Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Atomic Structure:
Bohr’s theory,
its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave mechanics: de
Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance,
Schrödinger’s wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ2.
Quantum numbers
and their significance. Normalized and orthogonal wave functions. Sign of
wave functions. Radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom.
Radial and angular distribution curves. Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals.
Contour boundary and probability diagrams. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle,
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, aufbau’s principle and itslimitations,
Variation of orbital energy with atomic number.
(14 Lectures)
Periodicity of
Elements:
s, p, d, f block elements, the long
form of periodic table. Detailed discussion of the following properties of
the elements, with reference to s & p-block.
(a) Effective
nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules,
variation of
effective nuclear charge in periodic table.
(b) Atomic radii
(van der Waals)
(c) Ionic and
crystal radii.
(d) Covalent
radii (octahedral and tetrahedral)
(e) Ionization
enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and factors
affecting
ionization energy. Applications of ionization enthalpy.
(f)
Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy.
(g)
Electronegativity, Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s/ Allred Rachow’s/ and
Mulliken-Jaffé’s
electronegativity scales. Variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial
charge, hybridization, group electronegativity.
Sanderson’s
electron density ratio. (16 Lectures)
Chemical Bonding:
(i) lonic
bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius
ratio rule and its limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé
equation with derivation and importance of Kapustinskii expression for lattice
energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation
energy.
(ii) Covalent
bond: Lewis structure, Valence Bond theory (Heitler- London approach).
Energetics of hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals.
Bent’s rule, Resonance and resonance energy, Molecular orbital theory.
Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules N2, O2,
C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions; HCl,BeF2, CO2, (idea of s-p mixing and
orbital interaction to be given). Formal charge, Valence shell electron pair
repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone
pairs and σ bond and π bond electrons, and bond multiple bonding (bond
lengths). Covalent character in
ionic compounds,
polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules and consequences of
polarization. Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole
moment. Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity
difference.
(iii) Weak
Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces,
dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous
dipole-induced dipole interactions. Repulsive forces, Hydrogen bonding
(theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment) Effects of chemical
force, melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution
process. Principles involved in volumetric analysis to be
carried out in
class. (30 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
- Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, 1991.
- Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems;
hydrolysis and hydrolysis constants.
- Reference Books:
- Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin’s Physical
Chemistry Ed., Oxford University Press (2006).
- Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry Thomson Press, India
(2007).
- Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa
(2004).
- Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Elsevier:
NOIDA, UP (2009).
CHEMISTRY -C II:
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Gaseous state:
Kinetic
molecular model of a gas: postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas
equation; collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including their temperature and pressure dependence, relation between mean free path and coefficient of viscosity,σfromη;variation
calculation 0f viscosity of with temperature and pressure. Maxwell distribution
and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and
most probable) and average kinetic energy,law of equipartition of energy, degrees
of freedom and molecular basis ofheat capacities. Behaviour of real gases:
Deviations from ideal gas behaviour,compressibility factor, Z, and its
variation with pressure for different gases.
Causes of
deviation from ideal behaviour. Van der Waals equation of state, its derivation
and application in explaining real gas behaviour, mention of other equations of
state (Berthelot, Dietrici); virial equation of state; vander Waals equation
expressed in virial form and calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of
real gases and their comparison with vander Waals isotherms, continuity of
states, critical state, relation between critical constants and vander Waals
constants, law of corresponding states.(25 Lectures)
Ionic equilibria:
Strong, moderate
and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors
affecting degree
of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of
weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono- , di-and triprotic acids (exact treatment).
Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH
for different salts. Buffer solutions; derivation of Henderson equation and its
applications; buffer capacity, buffer range, buffer action and applications of
buffers in analytical chemistry and biochemical processes in the human body.
Solubility and
solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Qualitative treatment of acid – base
titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages). Theory of acid–base
indicators; selection of indicators and their limitations. Multistage
equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems; hydrolysis and hydrolysis constants.(35 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
- Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkin’s Physical
Chemistry Ed., Oxford University Press (2006).
- Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry Thomson Press, India
(2007).
- Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa
(2004).
- Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Elsevier:
NOIDA, UP (2009).
CHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL-I (4) 60 Lectures
Group-A
(A) Titrimetric
Analysis (i) Calibration and use of apparatus (ii)
Preparationof solutions of different Molarity/Normality of titrants
(B) Acid-Base
Titrations
(i) Estimation of
carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture.
(ii) Estimation of
carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture.
(iii) Estimation
of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents
(C)
Oxidation-Reduction Titrimetry
(i) Estimation of
Fe(II) and oxalic acid using standardized KMnO4 solution.
(ii) Estimation of
oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture.
(iii) Estimation
of Fe(II) with K2Cr2O7 using internal (diphenylamine, anthranilic acid)
and external indicator.
Group-B
1. Surface
tension measurements.
a. Determine the
surface tension by (i) drop number (ii) drop weight method.
b. Study the
variation of surface tension of detergent solutions with concentration.
2. Viscosity
measurement using Ostwald’s viscometer.
a. Determination
of viscosity of aqueous solutions of (i) polymer (ii) ethanol and (iii)
sugar at room temperature.
b. Study the
variation of viscosity of sucrose solution with the concentration of
solute.
Reference
text:
1. Vogel,
A.I. A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS.
2. Khosla,
B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry,
S. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
3.
Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in
Physical Chemistry 8 th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
4.
Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rdEd.; W.H.
Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).
Semester II
CHEMISTRY-C III:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I (Credits: Theory-04) Theory:
60 Lectures
Basics of Organic
Chemistry
Organic Compounds:
Classification, and Nomenclature, Hybridization,
Shapes of molecules,
Influence of hybridization on bond properties.
Electronic
Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects,
hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and
bases; their relative strength. Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable
examples. Curly arrow rules, formal charges; Electrophiles and Nucleophiles;
Nucleophlicity and basicity; Types, shape and their relative stability of
Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals and Carbenes.
Introduction to
types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition,
Elimination and
Substitution reactions.
(6 Lectures)
Stereochemistry:
Fischer
Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions; Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism
E/Z notations with C.I.P rules. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific
Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more
chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixture and
resolution. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S
designations. (18 Lectures)
Chemistry of
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
A. Carbon-Carbon
sigma bonds
Chemistry of
alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig
Reactions, Free
radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity.
B. Carbon-Carbon
pi bonds: Formation of alkenes and alkynes by
elimination
reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and
Hofmann
eliminations.
Reactions of
alkenes: Electrophilic
additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition),
mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation,
ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation
(oxidation). 1,2-and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and,
Diels-Alder reaction;
Allylic and
benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl
benzene.
Reactions of
alkynes: Acidity,
Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions.
Hydration to form
carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes. (24 Lectures)
Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic
carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and
Friedel- Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects
of the groups. (12 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
- Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry,
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
- Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
- Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2:
Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products), Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
- Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of
Organic Compounds; Wiley: London, 1994.
- Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conformation and
Mechanism; New AgeInternational, 2005.
CHEMISTRY -C
IV:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Chemical Thermodynamics: Intensive and extensive variables; state and
path functions;
isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of
thermodynamics.
First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w,
internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H,
relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for
reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and
van der Waals)
under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
Thermochemistry: Heats of reactions: standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and
ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond
energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data,
effect of temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations) and pressure on enthalpy of
reactions. Adiabatic flame temperature, explosion temperature.
Second Law: Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of
temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics; molecular and
statistical interpretation of entropy. Calculation of entropy change for
reversible and irreversible processes. Third Law: Statement of
third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of
molecules.
Free Energy
Functions: Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G,
A with T, V, P; Free energy change and spontaneity. Relation between
Joule- Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters;
inversion temperature; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Maxwell relations;
thermodynamic equation of state. (40 Lectures)
Chemical
Equilibrium: Criteria of
thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advancement of reaction, chemical
equilibria in ideal gases, concept of fugacity. Thermodynamic derivation
of relation between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient.
Coupling of exoergic and endoergic reactions. Equilibrium constants and
their quantitative dependence on temperature, pressure and concentration.
Free energy of mixing and spontaneity;
thermodynamic
derivation of relations between the various equilibrium constants Kp , Kc and Kx.
Le Chatelier principle (quantitative treatment); equilibrium between ideal
gases and a pure condensed phase.(10 Lectures)
Solutions and
Colligative Properties: Dilute solutions;
(i) Lowering of
vapour pressure, Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their applications.
(ii) Elevation of
boiling point,
(iii) Depression
of freezing point,
(iv) Osmotic
pressure applications in calculating molar masses of normal, dissociated
and associated solutes in solution. (10 Lectures)
Reference
Books
Peter, A.
& Paula, J. de. Physical Chemistry 9th Ed., Oxford University
Press (2011). Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th
Ed., Narosa (2004).
Engel, T.
& Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012).
McQuarrie,
D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics Viva
Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004). Assael, M. J.; Goodwin, A. R. H.;
Stamatoudis, M.; Wakeham, W. A. & Will, S. Commonly Asked
Questions in
Thermodynamics. CRC
Press: NY (2011). Levine, I .N. Physical Chemistry
6th Ed.,
Tata Mc Graw Hill (2010). Metz, C.R. 2000 solved problems
in chemistry, Schaum Series (2006)
CHEMISTRY- C
PRACTICAL II 60 Lectures
1. Checking the calibration of the thermometer
2. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization using the
following solvents: a. Water b. Alcohol c. Alcohol-Water
3. Determination of the melting points of above compounds and
unknown organic compounds (Kjeldahl method and electrically heated melting
point apparatus)
4. Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (boiling point
lower than and more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method)
5. Thermochemistry
(a) Determination
of heat capacity of a calorimeter for different volumes using change of
enthalpy data of a known system (method of back calculation of heat capacity of
calorimeter from known enthalpy of solution or enthalpy of neutralization).
(b) Determination
of heat capacity of the calorimeter and enthalpy of neutralization of
hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
(c) Calculation of
the enthalpy of ionization of ethanoic acid.
(d) Determination
of heat capacity of the calorimeter and integral enthalpy (endothermic and
exothermic) solution of salts.
(e) Determination
of basicity/proticity of a polyprotic acid by the thermochemical
method in terms of the changes of temperatures observed in the graph of
temperature versus time for different additions of a base. Also calculate the
enthalpy of neutralization of the first step.
(f) Determination
of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.
(g) Study of the
solubilityΔ of benzoic acid in water and determination of H. Any
other experiment carried out in the class.
Reference
Books
1. Khosla, B.
D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical
Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Athawale, V.
D. & Mathur, P. Experimental Physical Chemistry New Age
International: New Delhi (2001).
3. Mann, F.G.
& Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic
Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009)
4. Furniss,
B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell,
A.R. Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
5. Hashmat Ali:
Reaction mechanism in organic Chemistry, S. Chand
Semester III
CHEMISTRY-C V:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Acids and
Bases Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions,
solvated proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling
solvents, Lewis acid-base concept, Classification of Lewis acids.
(12 Lectures)
Chemistry of s and p Block
Elements:
Inert pair effect,
Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and
anomalous behaviour of first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation.
Complex formation tendency of s and p block
elements. Hydrides and their classification ionic, covalent and interstitial.
Basic beryllium acetate and nitrate. Study of the following compounds with
emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses.
Boric acid and
borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic
compounds, silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine.
Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions,
pseudohalogens and basic properties of halogens. (36
Lectures)
Noble Gases:
Occurrence and
uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases,
Clathrates;
preparation and properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; Nature of bonding in noble
gas compounds (Valence bond treatment and MO treatment for XeF2). Molecular
shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory). (12 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Lee,
J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, 1991.
2. Douglas,
B.E; Mc Daniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts & Models
of
Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed., John Wiley Sons, N.Y. 1994.
3. Greenwood,
N.N. & Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-Heinemann.
1997.
4. Cotton,
F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley,VCH, 1999.
5. Miessler,
G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed.,Pearson,
2010.
6.Shriver
& Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed.
CHEMISTRY-C
VI: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Chemistry of
Halogenated Hydrocarbons:
Alkyl
halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution
reactions – SN1, SN2 and SNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect
of solvent etc.; nucleophilic substitution vs. elimination.
Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts. Nucleophilic
aromatic substitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism. Relative reactivity of alkyl,
allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution
reactions. Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li – Use in synthesis of organic
compounds. (16 Lectures)
Alcohols, Phenols
and Epoxides: Alcohols: preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3°
alcohols, Bouvaelt-Blanc Reduction; Preparation and properties of glycols:
Oxidation by periodic acid and leadtetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone
rearrangement; Phenols: Preparation and properties;
Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitution
reactions, Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen rearrangements with mechanism; (16 Lectures)
Carbonyl
Compounds: Structure, reactivity and preparation; Mechanisms
of Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation,
Claisan- Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Beckmann and
Benzil- Benzilic acid rearrangements,α haloform reaction and Baeyer Villiger oxidation,
- substitution reactions, oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner,
LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV, PDC and PGC); Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl
compounds: Michael addition. Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism.
Preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl
acetoacetate.(14 Lectures)
Carboxylic Acids
and their Derivatives: Preparation,
physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical
reactions of dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids:
succinic/phthalic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids;
Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides;
Comparative study of nucleophilic sustitution at acyl group -Mechanism of
acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and
Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann-bromamide degradation and Curtius rearrangement.(14
Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1.
Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry,
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
2. Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley
(India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
3. Graham
Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4.
Reaction mechanism in organic chemistry, Hashmat Ali, S. Chand
CHEMISTRY-C VII:
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-III (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Phase
Equilibria: Concept of phases,
components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for
nonreactive and reactive systems;
Clausius-Clapeyron
equation and its applications to solid-liquid, liquid vapour and solid-vapour
equilibria, phase diagram for one component
systems, with
applications. Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving
eutectic, congruent 19 and incongruent melting points,
solid solutions.
Nernst distribution law: its derivation and applications.
(28 Lectures)
Chemical
Kinetics Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in
terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated form of
rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental methods of the
determination of rate laws . Temperature dependence of reaction rates;
Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision theory of reaction rates,
Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction
rates. (18 Lectures)
Catalysis: Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of
catalyzed
reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of
nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism,
acid-base catalysis. (8 Lectures)
Surface
chemistry: Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption
isotherms. nature
of adsorbed state. (6 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Peter
Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry 9th Ed., Oxford University
Press (2010).
2.
Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
3.
McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D., Molecular Thermodynamics, VivaBooks
Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004).
4. Engel,
T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012).
5. Assael,
M. J.; Goodwin, A. R. H.; Stamatoudis, M.; Wakeham, W. A.& Will, S.
6. Commonly
Asked Questions in Thermodynamics. CRC Press: NY(2011).
7.
Zundhal, S.S. Chemistry concepts and applications Cengage India(2011).
8. Ball,
D. W. Physical Chemistry Cengage India (2012).
9.
Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA,
UP(2009).
10.
Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry 6th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011).
11. Metz,
C. R. Physical Chemistry 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2009).
CHEMISTRY - C III
PRACTICAL (06) 75 Lectures
(Group-A)
(A) Iodo /
Iodimetric Titrations
(i) Estimation of
Cu(II) and K2Cr2O7 using sodium thiosulphate solution(Iodimetrically). (ii)
Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powderiodometrically.
(B) Inorganic
preparations
(i) Cuprous
Chloride, Cu2Cl2 (ii) Preparation of Aluminium potassiumsulphate
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (Potash alum) or Chrome alum.
(Group – B)
1. Functional
group tests for alcohols, phenols, carbonyl and carboxylicacid group.
2. Organic
preparations:
i. Acetylation of
one of the following compounds: amines (aniline, o-, m-,p-toluidines
and o-, m-, p-anisidine)β and phenols ( -
naphthol, vanillin,salicylic acid) by any one method: a. Using conventional
method. b. Usinggreen approach
ii. Benzolyation of
one of the following amines (aniline, o-, m-, ptoluidines and o-, m-, p-anisidine)
andβ one of the following phenols ( - naphthol, resorcinol, p-cresol) by
Schotten-Baumann reaction.
iii. Oxidation of
ethanol/ isopropanol (Iodoform reaction).
iv. Bromination of
any one of the following:
a. Acetanilide by
conventional methods b. Acetanilide using green approach (Bromate-bromide
method)
v. Nitration of
any one of the following:
a.
Acetanilide/nitrobenzene by conventional method b. Salicylic acid by green
approach (using ceric ammonium nitrate).
vi. Selective
reduction of meta dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline.
vii. Reduction
of p-nitrobenzaldehyde by sodium borohydride.
viii. Hydrolysis
of amides and esters. The above derivatives should be prepared using 0.5
1g of the organic compound. The solid samples must be collected and may be
used for recrystallization, melting point and TLC.
Group-C
I. Distribution of
acetic/ benzoic acid between water and cyclohexane.
II. Study the
equilibrium of at least one of the following reactions by the distribution
method:
(i) I2(aq)
+ I- → I3-(aq)
(ii) Cu 2+
(aq) + nNH3 →Cu(NH3
)
(iii) Study the
kinetics of the following reactions. 1. Integrated ratemethod: a. Acid
hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloricacid. b. Saponification of ethyl
acetate.
Reference
Books:
1. Khosla,
B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical
PhysicalChemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2.
Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments
inPhysical Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3.
Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry3rd
Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).
4. Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press(2000).
5.
Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical
OrganicChemistry: Qualitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
6. Vogel,
A.I. A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS.1978
7. Mann,
F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic
Chemistry, PearsonEducation (2009)
8.
Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell,
A.R. PracticalOrganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
9.
Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic
Semester IV
CHEMISTRY-VIII:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Coordination
Chemistry: Werner’s theory, valence bond theory (inner and
outer orbital
complexes), electroneutrality principle and back bonding.
Crystal field
theory, measuremento),CFSEof10 inDqweak( and strong fields, pairingo,t).
energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq ( Octahedral vs. tetrahedral
coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller
theorem, square planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO
Theory. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination
compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers.
Chelate effect, polynuclear complexes, Labile and inert complexes.(30
Lectures)
Transition
Elements: General group trends with special reference
to electronic configuration, colour, variable valency, magnetic and catalytic properties,
ability to form complexes. Difference between the first, second and third
transition series. Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co in various oxidation
states (excluding their metallurgy) (22 Lectures)
Lanthanoids and
Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states,
colour, spectral
and magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides
(ion-exchange method only). (8 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Purcell,
K.F & Kotz, J.C. Inorganic Chemistry W.B. Saunders Co,1977.
2. Huheey,
J.E., Inorganic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1993.
3. Lippard,
S.J. & Berg, J.M. Principles of Bioinorganic ChemistryPanima Publishing
Company 1994.
4. Cotton,
F.A. & Wilkinson, G, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, 1999
5. Basolo,
F, and Pearson, R.C., Mechanisms of Inorganic Chemistry,John Wiley & Sons,
NY, 1967.
6. Greenwood,
N.N. & Earnshaw A., Chemistry of the Elements,Butterworth- Heinemann,1997.
CHEMISTRY-C
IX:ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Nitrogen Containing
Functional Groups Preparation and
important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles and isonitriles
Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and
properties: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich
reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmann-elimination
reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with Hinsberg reagent
and nitrous acid. Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their
syntheticapplications. (22 Lectures)
Polynuclear
Hydrocarbons Reactions of
naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and
structure elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene;
Polynuclear hydrocarbons. (12 Lectures)
Heterocyclic
Compounds Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity
in 5-numbered and 6- membered rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis,
reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of: Furan, Pyrrole
(Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis), Thiophene,
Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine, Structure elucidation of
indole, Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis), Structure
elucidation of quinoline and isoquinoline, Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s
synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis,Doebner-Miller synthesis,
Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet-Spengler
reaction,
Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction Derivatives of furan: Furfural andfuroic acid. (26
Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1.Morrison,
R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley(India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
2.Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India)Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
3.Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and theChemistry
of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.(Pearson Education).
4.Acheson,
R.M. Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic compounds, John
Welly &Sons (1976).
5.Graham
Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6.Kalsi,
P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New AgeInternational (P) Ltd.
Pub.
7.Clayden,
J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry,Oxford
University Press.
8.Singh,
J.; Ali, S.M. & Singh, J. Natural Product Chemistry, PrajatiParakashan
(2010).
CHEMISTRY-C X:
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV (Credits: Theory-04)Theory: 60 Lectures
Conductance Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity,
equivalent and
molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong
electrolytes. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of
independent migration of ions. 24 Ionic velocities, mobilities and their
determinations, transference numbers and their relation to ionic mobilities,
determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving Boundary
methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of
weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility
product of sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v)
hydrolysis constants of salts.
(25 Lectures)
Electrochemistry Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis,
rules of
oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, applications of
electrolysis in metallurgy and industry. Chemical cells, reversible and
irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell and its
measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its
application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements
in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii)
equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, 2
quinone-hydroquinone, Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid
junction potential; determination of activity coefficients and transference
numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,
precipitation). (35 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Atkins, P.W
& Paula, J.D. Physical Chemistry, 9th Ed., OxfordUniversity
Press (2011).
2. Castellan, G.
W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
3. Mortimer, R.
G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP(2009).
4. Barrow, G.
M., Physical Chemistry 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill: NewDelhi
(2006).
5. Engel, T.
& Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall
(2012).
6. Rogers, D.
W. Concise Physical Chemistry Wiley (2010). Silbey,R. J.; Alberty, R. A. & Bawendi, M. G. Physical
Chemistry 4th Ed.,John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).
CHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL-C IV (Credit- 06) 75 Lectures
(Group-A)
1. Detection of
extra elements.
2. Functional
group test for nitro, amine and amide groups.
3. Qualitative
analysis of unknown organic compounds containing simplefunctional groups
(alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols and carbonylcompounds)
Reference Books
1. Mann, F.G.
& Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, PearsonEducation
(2009)
2.Furniss, B.S.;
Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. PracticalOrganic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
3.Ahluwalia, V.K.
& Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical OrganicChemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press(2000).
4. Ahluwalia, V.K.
& Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical OrganicChemistry: Qualitative
Analysis, University Press (2000).
(Group-B)
Gravimetric
Analysis:
i. Estimation of
nickel using Dimethylglyoxime (DMG).
ii. Estimation of
copper as CuSCN
Inorganic
Preparations:
i.
Tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O
ii. Cis and trans K[Cr(C2O4)2.
(H2O)2] Potassiumdioxalatodiaquachromate (III)
iii.
Tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) ion
iv. Potassium tris
(oxalate) ferrate(III)
Reference Book:
1. Vogel, A.I. A
text book of Quantitative Analysis, ELBS 1986.
Group-C
Conductometry
1) Perform the
following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs.
strong base
ii. Weak acid vs.
strong base
iii. Mixture of
strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base
iv. Strong acid
vs. weak base
Potentiometry
2) Perform the
following potentiometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs.
strong base
ii. Weak acid vs.
strong base
iii. Dibasic acid
vs. strong base
v. Potassium
dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
Reference
Books:
1. Khosla,
B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical
PhysicalChemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland,
C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments inPhysical
Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3. Halpern,
A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry3rd
Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).
Semester V
CHEMISTRY-C XI:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV (Credits: Theory-04)Theory: 60 Lectures
Nucleic
Acids Components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides;Structure,
synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uraciland Thymine;
Structure of polynucleotides. (15 Lectures)
Amino Acids,
Peptides and Proteins
Amino acids,
Peptides and their classification.α-Amino Acids - Synthesis, ionic properties
and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and
electrophoresis; Study of peptides: determination of their primary
structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of
peptides using N-protecting,C-protecting and C-activating groups -Solid-phase
synthesis (20 Lectures)
Enzymes
Introduction,
classification and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site
of enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as example), factors
affecting enzyme action, coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological
reactions, specificity of enzyme action (including stereospecificity), enzyme
inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition (competitive,
uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric
inhibition). (10 Lectures)
Pharmaceutical
Compounds: Structure and Importance
Classification,
structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis),
Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with
synthesis). An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of
chloramphenicol, Medicinal values of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem),
vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).
(15 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Berg,
J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2006) Biochemistry. VIthEdition. W.H.
Freeman and Co.
2. Nelson,
D.L., Cox, M.M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009) Principles ofBiochemistry. IV
Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co.
3. Murray,
R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2009)Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry. XXVIII edition. Lange MedicalBooks/ McGraw-Hill.
CHEMISTRY-C
XII:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY V (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Quantum
Chemistry Postulates of quantum mechanics,
quantum mechanical operators, Schrödinger equation and its application to
freeparticle and “particle-in-a-box” (rigorous treatment), quantization
ofenergy levels, zero-point energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty principle;wave
functions, probability distribution functions, nodal properties, Extension
to two and three dimensional boxes, separation of variables,degeneracy. (15
Lectures)
Molecular
Spectroscopy:
Interaction of
electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra;
Born-Oppenheimer approximation.Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities
of spectral lines, determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear
triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution.
Vibrational
spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity,
Morse potential, dissociation energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot
bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic molecules, modes of vibration, concept
of group frequencies. Vibration-rotation spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating
rotator, P, Q, R branches.
Raman
spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of
nuclear spin, Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokeslines; their
intensity difference, rule of mutual exclusion.
Electronic
spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic transitions,singlet and
triplet states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and
predissociation, calculation of electronic transitions of polyenes
using free electron model. (30 Lectures)
Photochemistry
Characteristics of
electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations,
physical significance of absorption coefficients. Laws, ofphotochemistry,
quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and highquantum yields,
photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate ofphotochemical reactions,
photosensitised reactions, quenching. Role ofphotochemical reactions in
biochemical processes, photostationary states,chemiluminescence. (15
Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Banwell,
C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of MolecularSpectroscopy 4th Ed. Tata
McGraw-Hill: New Delhi (2006).
2. Chandra,
A. K. Introductory Quantum Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill(2001)
3. House,
J. E. Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry 2nd Ed. Elsevier:USA (2004).
4. Lowe,
J. P. & Peterson, K. Quantum Chemistry, Academic Press(2005).
5. Kakkar,
R. Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy, Cambridge UniversityPress (2015).
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL-
C V (Credit- 04) 60 Lectures
(Group-A)
1. Estimation of
glycine by Sorenson’s formalin method.
2. Study of the
titration curve of glycine.
3. Saponification
value of an oil or a fat.
4. Determination
of Iodine number of an oil/ fat.
(Group-B)
Colourimetry
I. Verify Lambert-Beer’s law and determine the concentration of
CuSO4/KMnO4/K2Cr2O7
in a solution of unknown concentration
II. Determine the concentrations of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7
in a mixture.
III. Determine the amount of iron present in a sample using
1,10- phenathroline.
Reference
Books
1. Khosla,
B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical
PhysicalChemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland,
C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments inPhysical
Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3. Halpern,
A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry3rd
Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).
4. Manual
of Biochemistry Workshop, 2012, Department of Chemistry,University of Delhi.
5. Arthur,
I. V. Quantitative Organic Analysis, Pearson.
Semester VI
CHEMISTRY-C XIII:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV (Credits:Theory-04)Theory: 60 Lectures
Theoretical
Principles in Qualitative Analysis (H2 S Scheme)
Basic principles
involved in analysis of cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principles involved in separation of cations
into groups and choice of group reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate,
oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them after Group II.(20 Lectures)
Inorganic
Polymers:
Types of inorganic
polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects
and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and
phosphazenes, and polysulphates. (10 Lectures)
Bioinorganic
Chemistry:
Metal ions present
in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action in
biological system. Geochemical effect on the distribution of metals. Sodium /
K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxy peptidase. Excess and deficiency of some
trace metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), reasons for toxicity,
Use of chelating agents in medicine. (15 Lectures)
Catalysis by
Organometallic Compounds
Study of the
following industrial processes and their mechanism:
1. Alkene
hydrogenation (Wilkinsons Catalyst)
2.
Hydroformylation (Co salts)
3. Wacker Process
4. Synthetic
gasoline (Fischer Tropsch reaction)
5. Synthesis gas
by metal carbonyl complexes
(15 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
Recommended
Texts:
1. Vogel,
A.I. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman, 1972
2. Svehla,
G. Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Edition,Prentice Hall,
1996-03-07.
3. Cotton,
F.A. G.; Wilkinson & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry3rd
Ed.; Wiley India,
4. Huheey,
J. E.; Keiter, E.A. & Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry,Principles of
Structure and Reactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993,Pearson,2006.
5. Sharpe,
A.G. Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Indian Reprint (PearsonEducation) 2005
6. Douglas,
B. E.; McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts andModels in
Inorganic Chemistry3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1994.
7. Greenwood,
N.N. & Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements, Elsevier2nd Ed,
1997 (Ziegler Natta Catalyst and Equilibria in Grignard Solution).
8. Lee,
J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed., John Wiley and sons2008.
9. Powell,
P. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, Chapman andHall, 1988.
10. Shriver,
D.D. & P. Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed., OxfordUniversity
Press, 1994.
11. Basolo,
F. & Person, R. Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions: Study ofMetal
Complexes in Solution 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc; NY.
12. Purcell,
K.F. & Kotz, J.C., Inorganic Chemistry, W.B. Saunders Co. 1977
13. Miessler,
G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed.,Pearson, 2010.
14. Collman,
James P. et al. Principles and Applications ofOrganotransition Metal
Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA: UniversityScience Books, 1987.
15. Crabtree,
Robert H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the TransitionMetals. j
16. New
York, NY: John Wiley, 2000.
17. Spessard,
Gary O., &Gary L. Miessler. Organometallic Chemistry.Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996.
CHEMISTRY-C XIV:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV (Credits: Theory-04 ) Theory: 60 Lectures
Organic
Spectroscopy
General principles
Introduction to absorption and emission spectroscopy.
UV
Spectroscopy: Types ofλ
electronic transitions, max, Chromophoresand Auxochromes, Bathochromic and
Hypsochromic shifts, Intensity ofabsorption; Application of Woodward Rules λmax for
calculation for α,β unsaturated following aldehydes,systems: ketones,
carboxylic acids and esters; Conjugated dienes: alicyclic, homoannular and
heteroannular; Extended conjugated systems (aldehydes, ketones and dienes);
distinction between cis andtrans isomers.
IR
Spectroscopy: Fundamental and
non-fundamental molecular vibrations;IR absorption positions of O, N and S
containing functional groups; Effectof H-bonding, conjugation, resonance and
ring size on IR absorptions;Fingerprint region and its significance;
application in functional group analysis. (24 Lectures)
Carbohydrates
Occurrence,
classification and their biological importance.Monosaccharides: Constitution
and absolute configuration of glucose andfructose, epimers and anomers,
mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth
projections and conformationalstructures;Interconversions of aldoses and
ketoses; Killiani-Fischer synthesis andRuff degradation; Disaccharides –
Structure elucidation of maltose, lactose and sucrose. Polysaccharides –
Elementary treatment of starch, cellulose and glycogen. (16 Lectures)
Dyes
Classification,
Colour and constitution; Mordant and Vat Dyes; Chemistryof dyeing;Synthesis and
applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl Orange andCongo Red (mechanism of Diazo
Coupling); Triphenyl Methane Dyes -Malachite Green, Rosaniline and Crystal
Violet; Phthalein Dyes –Phenolphthalein and Fluorescein; Natural dyes
–structure elucidation andsynthesis of Alizarin and Indigotin; Edible Dyes with
examples. (8 Lectures)
Alkaloids Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation andtheir
physiological action Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’smodification,
Structure elucidation and synthesis of Hygrine and Nicotine.Medicinal importance
of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine,and Reserpine. (6
Lectures)
Terpenes
Occurrence,
classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of stucture andsynthesis of Citral,
Neralα and -terpineol. (6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Kalsi,
P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New
Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
2. Morrison,
R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling
Kindersley(India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
3. Billmeyer,
F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4. Gowariker,
V. R.; Viswanathan, N. V. & Sreedhar, J. Polymer Science, New
Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
5. Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and
the Chemistry of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
6. Graham
Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7. Clayden,
J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry,Oxford
University Press.
8. Singh,
J.; Ali, S.M. & Singh, J. Natural Product Chemistry,
PrajatiPrakashan (2010).
9. Kemp,
W. Organic Spectroscopy, Palgrave
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
- C VI
(Group-A)
Qualitative
semimicro analysis of mixtures containing 3 anions and 3 cations. Emphasis should be given to the understanding of the chemistry of
different reactions. The following radicals are suggested:
CO3 2
-, NO2 -, S2-, SO3 2-,S2O3
2 -, CH3COO-, F-, Cl-,
Br-, I-, NO3 -, BO3 3-,C2O42-,
PO43-, NH4+, K+, Pb2+,
Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Sn2+, Sb3+,
Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+,Zn2+, Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+, Ba2+,Sr2+, Ca2+,
Mg2+
Mixtures should
preferably contain one interfering anion, or insoluble component (BaSO4, SrSO4, PbSO4, CaF2
or Al2O3) or combination of anions e.g.
CO32- and SO32-, NO2- and
NO3-, Cl- and Br-, Cl-
and I-, Br- and I- , NO3 - and
Br- , NO3- and I-.
Spot tests should
be done whenever possible.
i. Measurement of
10 Dq by spectrophotometric method
ii. Verification
of spectrochemical series.
iii. Controlled
synthesis of two copper oxalate hydrate complexes: kinetic
vs thermodynamic
factors.
iv. Preparation of
acetylacetanato complexes of Cu2+/Fe3+. Find λ the max of the complex.
v. Synthesis of
ammine complexes of Ni(II) and its ligand exchange reactions (e.g. bidentate ligands like acetylacetone, DMG, glycine) by substitution method.
(Group-B)
1. Extraction of
caffeine from tea leaves.
2. Preparation of
sodium poly acrylate.
3. Preparation of
urea formaldehyde.
4.Analysis of
Carbohydrate: aldoses and ketoses, reducing and non reducing sugars.
5. Qualitative
analysis of unknown organic compounds containing monofunctional groups
(carbohydrates, aryl halides, aromatic hydrocarbons,nitro compounds, amines and
amides) and simple bi functional groups, fore.g. salicylic acid, cinnamic acid,
nitrophenols etc.
6. Identification
of simple organic compounds by IR spectroscopy andNMR spectroscopy (Spectra to
be provided).
7. Preparation of
methyl orange.
Reference Books:
1. Vogel,
A.I. Quantitative Organic Analysis, Part 3, Pearson (2012).
2. Mann, F.G.
& Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education
(2009)
3. Furniss,
B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
4. Ahluwalia,
V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
5. Ahluwalia,
V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Qualitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
6. Vogel’s Qualitative
Inorganic Analysis, Revised by G. Svehla.
7. Marr &
Rockett Inorganic Preparations.
CHEMISTRY-DSE I-IV (ELECTIVES)
CHEMISTRY-DSE-I :
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60
Lectures
Basics:
Constants,
variables, bits, bytes, binary and ASCII formats, arithmetic expressions,
hierarchy of operations, inbuilt functions. Elements of the BASIC
language. BASIC keywords and commands. Logical and relative operators.
Strings and graphics. Compiled versus interpreted languages.Debugging. Simple
programs using these concepts. Matrix addition andmultiplication. Statistical
analysis.(25 Lectures)
Numerical methods:
Roots of equations: Numerical methods for roots of equations: Quadratic formula, iterative
method, Newton-Raphson method, Binary bisection and Regula-Falsi.
Differential
calculus: Numerical differentiation.
Integral
calculus: Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson’s
rule), probability distributions and mean values.
Simultaneous
equations: Matrix manipulation: addition, multiplication. Gauss-Siedal method. (35 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Harris,
D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007)Chapters 3 5.
2. Levie,
R. de, How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in
general scientific data analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
3. Noggle,
J. H. Physical chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown
& Co. (1985).
4. Venit,
S.M. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving with structure and
style. Jaico
5. Publishing
House: Delhi (1996).
PRACTICAL-DSE LAB-
I:APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures
Computer programs
based on numerical methods for
1. Roots of
equations: (e.g. volume of van der Waals gas and comparison with ideal gas, pH of a weak acid).
2. Numerical
differentiation (e.g., change in pressure for small change in volume of a van der Waals gas, potentiometric titrations).
3. Numerical
integration (e.g. entropy/ enthalpy change from heat capacity data), probability distributions (gas kinetic theory) and mean values.
Reference Books:
1. McQuarrie, D.
A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry UniversityScience Books (2008).
2. Mortimer, R.
Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Elsevier(2005).
3. Steiner, E.
The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Pres(1996).
4. Yates, P.
Chemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. CRC Press (2007).
5. Harris, D.
C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman2007) Chapters
3-5
6. Levie, R.
de, How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and ingeneral scientific
data analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487pages.
7. Noggle, J.
H. Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. LittlBrown & Co.
(1985).
8. Venit,
S.M. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving withstructure and
style. Jaico Publishing House: Delhi (1996).
CHEMISTRY-DSE- II
:ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60
Lectures
Optical methods of
analysis:
Origin of spectra,
interaction of radiation with matter, fundamental laws of spectroscopy and
selection rules, validity of Beer-Lambert’s law.
UV-Visible
Spectrometry: Basic principles
of instrumentation (choice of
source,
monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument;
Infrared
Spectrometry: Basic principles
of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator & detector) for single
and double beam instrument; sampling techniques. Structural
illustration through interpretation of data, Effect and importance of isotope
substitution. Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame
and Burner designs. Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; Method of background correction, sources of chemical interferences and their
method of removal. Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of
metal ions from water samples. (25 Lectures)
Thermal methods of
analysis:
Theory of
thermogravimetry (TG), basic principle of instrumentation. Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture. (10 Lectures)
Electroanalytical
methods:
Classification of
electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric and conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the
determination of
equivalence points. Techniques used for the determination of pKa values. (10
Lectures)
Separation
techniques:
Solvent
extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of
extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation. Technique of extraction:
batch, continuous and counter current extractions. Qualitative and quantitative
aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution,
extraction of organic species from the aqueous and non-aqueous media.
Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of separation: adsorption, partition & ion exchange. Development
of chromatograms: frontal, elution and displacement methods. (15
Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. Vogel,
Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev.
by G.H.
Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. The English Language Book Society of Longman .
2. Willard,
Hobert H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed.
Wardsworth
Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
3. Christian,
Gary D; Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2004.
4. Harris,
Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2001.
5. Khopkar,
S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age, International Pu
blisher, 2009.
6. Skoog,
D.A. Holler F.J. and Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore.
7. Mikes,
O. & Chalmes, R.A. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied
Methods, Elles Harwood Ltd. London.
8. Ditts,
R.V. Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation.
PRACTICALS- DSE
LAB-II (2): ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures
I. Separation
Techniques
1. Chromatography:
Separation of mixtures
(i) Paper
chromatographic separation of Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+.
(ii) Separation
and identification of the monosaccharides present in the given mixture (glucose
& fructose) by paper chromatography. Reporting the Rf values.
2. Solvent
Extractions:
To separate a
mixture of Ni2+ & Fe2+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the Ni2+- DMG complex in chloroform, and determine
its concentration by spectrophotometry. Solvent extraction of zisconium with
amberliti LA-1, separation from a mixture of irons and gallium.
3. Determine the
pH of the given aerated drinks fruit juices, shampoos and soaps.
4. Determination
of Na, Ca, Li in cola drinks and fruit juices using flame photometric
techniques.
5. Analysis of
soil: Determination of pH of soil.
Reference
Books:
1. Vogel,
Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev.
by G.H.
Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. The English Language Book Society of Longman .
2. Willard,
Hobert H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed.Wardsworth
Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
3. Christian,
Gary D; Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2004.
4. Harris,
Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2001.
5. Khopkar,
S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age, International
Publisher, 2009.
6. Skoog,
D.A. Holler F.J. and Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental
Analysis,
Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore.
7. Mikes,
O. & Chalmes, R.A. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic &
Allied Methods, Elles Harwood Ltd. London.
8. Ditts,
R.V. Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation.
CHEMISTRY-DSE - III:
GREEN CHEMISTRY (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60
Lectures
Introduction to Green Chemistry
What is Green
Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry. Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry. (4 Lectures)
Principles of
Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis
Twelve principles
of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples; Designing a Green
Synthesis using these principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts; maximum
incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products
(Atom Economy); prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products;
designing safer chemicals – different basic approaches to do so; selection of
appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents), green solvents,
solventless processes, immobilized solvents and ionic liquids; energy
requirements for reactions - use of microwaves, ultrasonic energy; selection of
starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of
blocking/protecting groups; use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in
preference to stoichiometric reagents; designing of
biodegradable products; prevention of chemical accidents; strengthening/
development of analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the generation of
hazardous substances in chemical processes. (36 Lectures)
Examples of Green
Synthesis/ Reactions
Green Synthesis of
the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, BHT, methyl methacrylate,
urethane, aromatic amines (4-aminodiphenylamine), benzyl bromide,
acetaldehyde, disodium iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis),
citral, i buprofen, paracetamol, furfural. (10 Lectures)
Future Trends in
Green Chemistry
Oxidation reagents
and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents; Combinatorial green
chemistry; Proliferation of solventless reactions;on covalent derivatization;
Green chemistry in sustainable development.(10 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. V.K.
Ahluwalia & M.R. Kidwai: New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamalaya
Publishers (2005).
2. P.T.
Anastas & J.K. Warner: Oxford Green Chemistry- Theory and Practical,
University Press (1998).
3. A.S.
Matlack: Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
4. M.C.
Cann & M.E. Connely: Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2000).
5. M.A.
Ryan & M. Tinnesand, Introduction to Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society, Washington (2002).
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
– DSE- III (2) LAB: GREEN CHEMISTRY 60 Lectures
1. Using renewable
resources Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable oil.
2. Avoiding waste
Principle of atom
economy.
Use of molecular
model kit to stimulate the reaction to investigate how the atom economy can
illustrate Green Chemistry. Preparation of propene by any one method can be
studied (I) Triethylamine ion + OH- → propene +
trimethylpropene + water H2SO4/ (II) 1-propanol propene + water
3. Diels Alder
reaction in water
Reaction between
furan and maleic acid in water and at room temperature rather than in
benzene and reflux.
4. Extraction of
D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared form dry
ice.
Reference Books:
1.Anastas, P.T
& Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford
University Press (1998).
2.Kirchoff, M.
& Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry experiment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC 2002).
3.Ryan,
M.A. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Tinnesand; (Ed),American
Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).
4. Sharma, R.K.;
Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green
Chemistry
Experiment: A monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN 978-93-81141-55-7 (2013).
5.Cann, M.C.
& Connelly, M. E. Real world cases in Green Chemistry,American
Chemical Society (2008).
6.Cann, M. C.
& Thomas, P. Real world cases in Green Chemistry,American Chemical
Society (2008).
7.Pavia, D. L.
Lamponan, G. H. &Kriz, G.S. W B Introduction to organic
laboratory
CHEMISTRY-DSE -
IV: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND ENVIRONMENT (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60
Lectures
Industrial Gases
and Inorganic Chemicals
Industrial
Gases: Large scale production, uses, storage and hazards
in handling of the following gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon,
helium,hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, chlorine, fluorine, sulphur
dioxideand phosgene.
Inorganic
Chemicals: Manufacture, application, analysis and hazards
inhandling the following chemicals: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid,
sulphuricacid, caustic soda, common salt, borax, bleaching powder,
sodiumthiosulphate, hydrogen peroxide, potash alum, chrome alum,
potassiumdichromate and potassium permanganate. (14 Lectures)
Environment and
its segments
Ecosystems.
Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Air
Pollution: Major
regions of atmosphere. Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere.
Air pollutants: types, sources, particle size andchemical nature; Photochemical
smog: its constituents and photochemistry.
Environmental
effects of ozone, Major sources of air pollution.
Pollution by SO2
, CO2, CO, NOx, H2S and other foul smelling
gases.
Methods of
estimation of CO, NOx, SOx and control procedures.
Effects of air
pollution on living organisms and vegetation. Greenhouse effect and Global
warming, Ozone depletion by oxides of nitrogen,
chlorofluorocarbons
and Halogens, removal of sulphur from coal. Control of particulates.
Water Pollution: Hydrological cycle, water resources, aquatic ecosystems, Sources and
nature of water pollutants, Techniques for measuring water pollution,
Impacts of water pollution on hydrological and ecosystems.
Water purification
methods.
Effluent treatment
plants (primary, secondary and tertiary treatment). Industrial effluents
from the following industries and their treatment: electroplating,
textile, tannery, dairy, petroleum and petrochemicals, agro, fertilizer, etc.
Sludge disposal. (30 Lectures)
Energy &
Environment
Sources of energy:
Coal, petrol and natural gas. Nuclear Fusion / Fission,
Solar energy,
Hydrogen, geothermal, Tidal and Hydel, etc. Nuclear Pollution:
Disposal of
nuclear waste, nuclear disaster and its management. (10 Lectures)
Biocatalysis
Introduction to
biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and Chemical Industry.
(6 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1.E.
Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
2.R.M.
Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes,
WileyPublishers, New Delhi.
3.J. A.
Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBSPublishers, New Delhi.
4.S. S.
Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand &Company Ltd. New
Delhi.
5.K.
De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd,New Delhi.
6.S. M.
Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd,New Delhi.
7.S.E.
Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press (2005).
8.G.T.
Miller, Environmental Science 11th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2006).
9.A.
Mishra, Environmental Studies. Selective and Scientific Books,New Delhi (2005).
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
- DSE LAB- IV(2) : INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS & ENVIRONMENT 60 Lectures
1. Determination
of dissolved oxygen in water.
2. Determination
of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
3. Percentage of
available chlorine in bleaching powder.
4. Measurement of
chloride, sulphate and salinity of water samples by simple titration method
(AgNO3 and potassium chromate).
5. Estimation of
total alkalinity of water samples (CO3 2-, HCO3 -) using double titration
method.
Reference
Books:
1. E.
Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
2. R.M.
Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley Publishers, New Delhi.
3. J.
A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers,
New Delhi.
4. S.
S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company
Ltd. New Delhi.
5. K.
De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd, New
Delhi.
6. S.
M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New
Delhi.
Skill Enhancement Course (any two) (Credit: 02
each)- SEC 1 to SEC 2
BUSINESS SKILLS FOR
CHEMISTS (Credits: 02) Theory: 30 Lectures
Business Basics
Key business
concepts: Business plans, market need, project management and routes to
market.
Chemistry in
Industry
Current challenges
and opportunities for the chemistry-using industries, role of chemistry in
India and global economies.
Making money
Financial aspects
of business with case studies
Intellectual
property Concept of intellectual property, patents.
Reference
www.rsc.org
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)
(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
In this era of
liberalization and globalization, the perception about science and its
practices has undergone dramatic change. The importance of protecting the
scientific discoveries, with commercial potential or the intellectual
property rights is being discussed at all levels –
statutory, administrative, and judicial. With India ratifying the WTO
agreement, it has become obligatory on its part to follow a minimum acceptable
standard for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. The
purpose of this course is to apprise the students about the multifaceted
dimensions of this issue.
Introduction to
Intellectual Property:
Historical
Perspective, Different Types of IP, Importance of protecting IP.
Copyrights
Introduction, How
to obtain, Differences from Patents.
Trade Marks
Introduction, How
to obtain, Different types of marks – Collective marks, certification
marks, service marks, Trade names, etc. Differences from Designs.
Patents
Historical
Perspective, Basic and associated right, WIPO, PCT system, Traditional
Knowledge, Patents and Healthcare – balancing promoting innovation with
public health, Software patents and their importance for India.
Different
International agreements
(a) Word Trade
Organization (WTO):
(i) General
Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT), Trade Related
Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement
(ii) General
Agreement on Trade related Services (GATS)
(iii) Madrid
Protocol
(iv) Berne
Convention
(v) Budapest
Treaty
(b) Paris
Convention
WIPO and TRIPS, IPR and Plant Breeders Rights, IPR and
Biodiversity
IP Infringement
issue and enforcement – Role of
Judiciary, Role of law enforcement agencies – Police, Customs etc. Economic Value of Intellectual
Property – Intangible assets and their valuation, Intellectual Property in the
Indian Context – Various laws in India Licensing and technology transfer.
Reference
Books:
1. N.K.
Acharya: Textbook on intellectual property rights, Asia Law House
(2001).
2. Manjula
Guru & M.B. Rao, Understanding Trips:
Managing Knowledge in Developing Countries, Sage Publications (2003).
3. P.
Ganguli, Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing the
Knowledge Economy, Tata McGraw-Hill (2001).
4. Arthur
Raphael Miller, Micheal H.Davis; Intellectual Property: Patents,
Trademarks and Copyright in a Nutshell, West Group Publishers (2000).
5. Jayashree
Watal, Intellectual property rights in the WTO and developing
countries,
6. Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
Generic Elective
Papers (GE) (Minor-Chemistry) (any four) for other Departments/Disciplines:
(Credit: 06 each)
GE: ATOMIC
STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
(Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A:
Inorganic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)
Atomic
Structure: Review of: Bohr’s
theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation,
de-Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom
spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum
numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals,
nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Rules for filling electrons in
various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability of
half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy.
Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic
configurations. (14 Lectures)
Chemical Bonding
and Molecular Structure
Ionic
Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations
in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in
the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds.
Statement of
Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born- Haber cycle
and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic
character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage
ionic character.
Covalent
bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules
and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples
of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal
bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.Concept of resonance and
resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds. (16
Lectures)
Section B: Organic
Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)
Fundamentals of
Organic Chemistry
Physical Effects,
Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance and
Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Structure,
shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and
electrophiles. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and free
radicals. Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s
rule. (8 Lectures)
Stereochemistry
Conformations with
respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge
Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Concept of
chirality (upto two carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical and Optical
isomerism; Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism and Meso compounds). Threo and
erythro; D and L; cis - trans nomenclature; CIP
Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for upto
two C=C systems). (10 Lectures)
Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
Functional group
approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation,
Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free
radical Substitution: Halogenation.
Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions:
Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s
rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch
reduction).Reactions: cis-addition (alk. KMnO4) and trans -addition
(bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration,Ozonolysis,oxymecuration-demercuration,
Hydroborationoxidation.
Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2
and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides. Reactions: formation
of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis
and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4. (12 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1. J.
D. Lee: A new Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E L. B. S.
2. F.
A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley.
3. Douglas,
McDaniel and Alexader: Concepts and Models in InorganicChemistry, John
Wiley.
4. James
E. Huheey, Ellen Keiter and Richard Keiter: Inorganic Chemistry:
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Publication.
5. T.
W. Graham Solomon: Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
6. Peter
Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient
Longman.
7. E.
L. Eliel: Stereochemistry o f Carbon Compounds, Tata McGrawHill.
8. I.
L. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E. L. B. S.
9. R.
T. Morrison & R. N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
10. Arun
Bahl and B. S. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand
GE LAB - I: ATOMIC
STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
:60 Lectures
Section A:
Inorganic Chemistry - Volumetric Analysis
1. Estimation of
sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.
2. Estimation of
oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
3. Estimation of
water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
4. Estimation of
Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7
using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of
Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.
Section B:
Organic Chemistry
1. Detection of
extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing upto two
extra elements)
Reference
Books:
1. Vogel’s
Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, A.I. Vogel, Prentice Hall, 7th Edition.
2. Vogel’s
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, A.I. Vogel, Prentice Hall, 6th Edition.
3. Textbook
of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.I. Vogel , Prentice Hall, 5th edition.
4. Practical
Organic Chemistry, F. G. Mann. & B. C. Saunders, Orient Longman, 1960.
GE- II :CHEMICAL
ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I (Credits: Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical
Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures)
Chemical
Energetics
Review of
thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics. Important principles and
definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and standard
enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and
dilution. Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance
energy from thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with
temperature – Kirchhoff’s equation. (10 Lectures)
Chemical
Equilibrium:
Free energy change
in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical
equilibrium. Distinction between G and Go, Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationships between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions
involving ideal
gases. (8 Lectures)
Ionic Equilibria:
Strong, moderate
and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of
weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect.
Salt
hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH
for different salts. Buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product
of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility
product principle. (12 Lectures)
Section B: Organic
Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures)
Functional group
approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Aromatic
hydrocarbons
Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, fromacetylene, from
benzene sulphonic acid. Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic
substitution: nitration,
halogenation and
sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4
carbons on benzene). Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (upto 4
carbons on benzene). (10 Lectures)
Alkyl and Aryl
Halides Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons)
Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2 and SNi)
reactions. Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols. Reactions: hydrolysis,
nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation. Williamson’s
ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.
Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and
iodo-benzene case): from phenol, Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions. Reactions
(Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by
–OH group) and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3
(or NaNH2/NH3). (10 Lectures)
Alcohols and
Phenols Upto 5 Carbons) Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation
of 1о, 2о and 3о alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis,
Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With
sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO4,
acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer
oxidation Diols: (Upto
6 Carbons) oxidation of diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide
method, from diazonium salts. Reactions: Electrophilic
substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann
Reaction, Gattermann- Koch Reaction, Houben– Hoesch Condensation, Schotten
– Baumann Reaction. (10 Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1.T. W.
Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
2.Peter
Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,Orient Longman.
3. I.L.
Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E. L. B. S.
4.R. T.
Morrison & R. N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
5.Arun
Bahl and B. S. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand.
6.G. M.
Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill (2007).
7.G. W.
Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Edn. Narosa (2004).
8.J. C.
Kotz, P. M. Treichel & J. R. Townsend: General Chemistry Cengage
Lening India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
9.B. H.
Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
10.R. H.
Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing
Co.: New York (1985).
GE LAB- II: CHEMICAL
ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical
Chemistry
Thermochemistry
1.Determination of
heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.
2.Determination of
enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
Ionic equilibria
pH measurements
a) Measurement of
pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent
damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.
b) Preparation of
buffer solutions:
(i) Sodium
acetate-acetic acid
(ii) Ammonium
chloride-ammonium hydroxide Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical values.
Section B: Organic
Chemistry
1. Purification of
organic compounds by crystallization (from water and
alcohol) and
distillation.
2. Criteria of
Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.
3. Preparations:
Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.
(a) Bromination of
Phenol/Aniline
(b) Benzoylation
of amines/phenols
(c) Oxime and 2,4
dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone
Reference
Books
1. A.I.
Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th
edition, Prentice-Hall.
2. F.
G. Mann & B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman
(1960).
3. B.D.
Khosla, Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, s. Chand & Co.
GE-III:SOLUTIONS
,PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL GROUP
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II (Credits: Theory-04)
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical
Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures)
Solutions Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s
law, deviations
from Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure composition and
temperature composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions. Lever rule. Azeotropes. Partial
miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on
partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids- Principle of steam
distillation. Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction.
Phase Equilibrium
Phases, components
and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium. Gibbs Phase
Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron
equation and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of
one-component systems (water and sulphur)
Conductance
Conductivity,
equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Conductometric titrations (only acid-base).
Electrochemistry
Reversible and
irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell.
Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode potential. Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a
reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: G, H and S from
EMF data.
Section B: Organic
Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures)
Functional group
approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Carboxylic acids
and their derivatives
Carboxylic acids (aliphatic
and aromatic) Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis
of esters. Reactions: Hell – Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction.
Carboxylic acid
derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons)
Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their
interconversion. Reactions: Comparative study of
nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky Reaction, Perkin
condensation. (6 Lectures)
Amines and
Diazonium Salts
Amines (Aliphatic
and Aromatic): (Upto 5 carbons) Preparation: from alkyl halides,
Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide reaction. Reactions: Hofmann
vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with HNO2,
Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Electrophilic substitution (case aniline):
nitration, bromination, sulphonation.
Diazonium salts: Preparation: from aromatic amines. Reactions: conversion to
benzene, phenol, dyes. (6 Lectures)
Amino Acids,
Peptides and Proteins:
Preparation of
Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis
using Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis. Zwitterion, Isoelectric point and
Electrophoresis. Reactions of Amino acids: ester of
–COOH group, acetylation of –NH2 group, complexation with Cu2+ ions, ninhydrin
test. Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of
proteins. (10 Lectures)
Carbohydrates:
Classification,
and General Properties, Glucose and Fructose (open chain and cyclic structure),
Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, absolute configuration
of Glucose and Fructose, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharides.
Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose). (8
Lectures)
Reference
Books:
1.G. M.
Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill (2007).
2.G. W.
Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
3.J. C.
Kotz, P. M. Treichel, J. R. Townsend, General Chemistry, Cengage
Learning India Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2009).
4.B. H.
Mahan: University Chemistry, 3rd Edn. Narosa (1998).
5.R. H.
Petrucci, General Chemistry, 5th Edn., Macmillan Publishing Co.: New
York (1985).
6.Morrison,
R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India)
Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
7.Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley
(India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
8.Finar,
I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2), Dorling Kindersley
(India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
9.Nelson,
D. L. & Cox, M. M. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7th
Ed., W. H. Freeman.
10.Berg,
J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry 7th Ed., W.
H. Freeman
GE LAB- III:
SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL
ORGANIC CHEMISTRy-II :60 Lectures
Section A: Physical
Chemistry
Distribution
Study of the
equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:
I2(aq)
+ I-(aq) ⇌ I3 -(aq)
Cu2+(aq)
+ xNH2(aq) ⇌ [Cu(NH3)x]2+
Conductance
i. Determination
of cell constant
ii. Determination
of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
iii. Perform the
following conductometric titrations:
iv. Strong acid
vs. strong base
v. Weak acid vs.
strong base
vi. Weak acid vs.
strong base
Section B: Organic
Chemistry
Systematic
Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing
monofunctional groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic,amide, nitro,
amines) and preparation of one derivative.
Reference
Books:
1.A.I.
Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 5th Edn.
2.F. G.
Mann & B. C. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman,
1960.
3. .D.
Khosla: Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.
4.Ahluwalia,
V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical
Organic Chemistry, Universities Press.
GE- IV:CHEMISTRY OF
S- AND P-BLOCK ELEMENTS, STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS(Credits:
Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
General Principles
of Metallurgy
Chief modes of
occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials.
Ellingham diagrams
for reduction of metal oxides using carbon as reducing agent. (4
Lectures)
s- and p-Block Elements
Periodicity
in s- and p-block elements with respect to
electronic configuration, atomic and ionic size, ionization enthalpy,
electronegativity (Pauling, Mulliken, and Alfred- Rochow scales).
Allotropy in C, S, and P.
Oxidation states
with reference to elements in unusual and rare oxidation states like
carbides and nitrides), inert pair effect, diagonal relationship and anomalous
behaviour of first member of each group.
Compounds of s-
and p-Block Elements
Hydrides and their
classification (ionic, covalent and interstitial), structure and properties
with respect to stability of hydrides of p- block elements. Concept of
multicentre bonding (diborane). Structure, bonding and their important
properties like oxidation/reduction, acidic/basic nature of the following
compounds and their applications in industrial, organic and environmental
chemistry. Hydrides of nitrogen (NH3, N2H4, N3H,
NH2OH)
(26 Lectures)
Section B:
Physical Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures)
Kinetic Theory of
Gases
Postulates of
Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor,
causes of deviation. van der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle
temperature (derivation not required). Critical phenomena, critical constants
and their calculation from van der Waals equation. Andrews isotherms of CO2.
Solids
Forms of solids.
Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography
-Law of constancy of interfacial angles, Law of rational indices.
Miller ndices. X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law. Structures of
NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals. Glasses
and liquid crystals.
Chemical Kinetics
The concept of
reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other factors on
reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction.
Derivation of
integrated rate equations for zero, first and second order
reactions (both
for equal and unequal concentrations of reactants). Half–life of a reaction.
General methods for determination of order of a reaction.
Concept of
activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of
Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular
reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only).
Reference
Books:
1.G. M.
Barrow: Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill (2007).
2.G. W.
Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Edn. Narosa (2004).
3.J. C.
Kotz, P. M. Treichel & J. R. Townsend: General ChemistryCengage Lening
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
4.B. H.
Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
5.R. H.
Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing
Co.: New York (1985).
6.J. D.
Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E.L.B.S.\
7.F.A.
Cotton & G. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley.
8.D. F.
Shriver and P. W. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press. Gary Wulfsberg: Inorganic Chemistry, Viva
Books Pvt. Ltd.
GE LAB- IV:CHEMISTRY
OF S- AND P-BLOCK ELEMENTS, STATES OF MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS:60
Lectures
Section A:
Inorganic Chemistry
Semi-micro
qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures- not more than four ionic
species (two anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the
following:
Cations : NH4+,
Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+,
Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+,
Ni2+,Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+,
Ca2+, K+ Anions : CO3 2– , S2–,
SO2–, S2O32–, NO3 –,
CH3COO–, Cl–, Br–, I–,
NO3–,SO42-, PO43-,
BO33-, C2O4 2-, F-(Spot
tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
Section B:
Physical Chemistry
(I) Surface
tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
a) Determination
of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a
stalagmometer.
b) Study of the
variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration.
(II) Viscosity
measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
a) Determination
of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution
using an Ostwald’s viscometer.
b) Study of the
variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration of
solute.
Reference
Books:
1. A.I.
Vogel, Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall, 7th Edn.
2. A.I.
Vogel, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Edn.
3. B.D.
Khosla, Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, S. Chand & Co.
3.Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC – Environment Studies) Semester -II
1. Carson, R. 2002. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2. Gadgil, M., & Guha, R. 1993. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Univ. of California Press.
3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) 1999. Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge.
4. Gleick, P. H. 1993. Water in Crisis. Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press.
5. Groom, Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll. Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2006.
6. Grumbine, R. Edward, and Pandit, M.K. 2013. Threats from India’s Himalaya dams. Science, 339: 36-37.
7. McCully, P. 1996. Rivers no more: the environmental effects of dams (pp. 29-64). Zed Books.
8. McNeill, John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth Century.
9. Odum, E.P., Odum, H.T. & Andrews, J. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders. 10. Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P. & Brusseau, M.L. 2011. Environmental and Pollution Science. Academic Press.
11. Rao, M.N. & Datta, A.K. 1987. Waste Water Treatment. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 12. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R. 2012. Environment. 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons. 13. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Noble, M. L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in India. Tripathi 1992.
14. Sengupta, R. 2003. Ecology and economics: An approach to sustainable development. OUP.
15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2014. Ecology, Environmental Science and Conservation. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.
16. Sodhi, N.S., Gibson, L. & Raven, P.H. (eds). 2013. Conservation Biology: Voices from the Tropics. John Wiley & Sons.
17. Thapar, V. 1998. Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent.
18. Warren, C. E. 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. WB Saunders.
19. Wilson, E. O. 2006. The Creation: An appeal to save life on earth. New York: Norton.
20. World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press.
Physics General Elective Syllabus
Resource link :Please click next for reading resources on Environmental Studies at www.evsbyak.blogspot.in
Suggested Readings: 1. Carson, R. 2002. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2. Gadgil, M., & Guha, R. 1993. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Univ. of California Press.
3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) 1999. Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge.
4. Gleick, P. H. 1993. Water in Crisis. Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press.
5. Groom, Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll. Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2006.
6. Grumbine, R. Edward, and Pandit, M.K. 2013. Threats from India’s Himalaya dams. Science, 339: 36-37.
7. McCully, P. 1996. Rivers no more: the environmental effects of dams (pp. 29-64). Zed Books.
8. McNeill, John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth Century.
9. Odum, E.P., Odum, H.T. & Andrews, J. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders. 10. Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P. & Brusseau, M.L. 2011. Environmental and Pollution Science. Academic Press.
11. Rao, M.N. & Datta, A.K. 1987. Waste Water Treatment. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 12. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R. 2012. Environment. 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons. 13. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Noble, M. L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in India. Tripathi 1992.
14. Sengupta, R. 2003. Ecology and economics: An approach to sustainable development. OUP.
15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2014. Ecology, Environmental Science and Conservation. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.
16. Sodhi, N.S., Gibson, L. & Raven, P.H. (eds). 2013. Conservation Biology: Voices from the Tropics. John Wiley & Sons.
17. Thapar, V. 1998. Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent.
18. Warren, C. E. 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. WB Saunders.
19. Wilson, E. O. 2006. The Creation: An appeal to save life on earth. New York: Norton.
20. World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press.
Mathematics General Elective Syllabus
Physics General Elective Syllabus
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