IGNOU CHEMISTRY

IGNOU B.Sc. (General) CBCS Based CHEMISTRY Programme Course Structure, Rules & Syllabus

Programme Objectives

The broad objective of the B.Sc. programme is to provide higher education required for a B.Sc. degree in conformity with the UGC-CBCS to aspirants (including learners from the deprived sections and those living in remote and rural areas) seeking a degree for employment, further higher education, promotion in career and professional development. The programme’s thrust is on giving the learners a thorough and sound background in theoretical and practical-oriented courses relevant to the current and emerging developments in the field of sciences.

Duration of the Programme

(Minimum - 3 Years, Maximum - 6 Years)

To fulfil the requirements for acquiring the B.Sc. a student may clear all the courses in a minimum of three years and a maximum of 6 years. In case the student is unable to pass all the courses of the B.Sc. programme in 6 years, s/he can continue for another two years by seeking Re-admission to the courses which s/he is unable to successfully complete. For further information regarding the re-admission rules and paying the requisite fee, you may contact the Regional Centre. You may also get this information from IGNOU website. But, you are advised to pass all the courses successfully in 3 years.

Medium of Instruction

The medium of instruction is English and Hindi. The course material is also provided in both the medium.

IGNOU B.Sc. Programme Structure

The University follows the credit system in all its programmes. One credit is equal to 30 hours of learners study time which is equivalent to 15 lectures in conventional system. To earn a Bachelor’s Degree, a learner has to earn 132 credits in minimum six semesters (three years) with 22 credits per semester. For earning 132 credits, a student has to opt from the following categories of courses:

a)          Discipline Specific Core Courses (DSC)

b)          Discipline Specific Electives (DSE)

c)          Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC)

d)          Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)

A learner can choose any of the three disciplines as per his/her interest from the disciplines mentioned below for completing B.Sc. (General) programme.

1.         Botany

2.         Chemistry

3.         Geography

4.         Geology

5.         Mathematics

6.         Physics

7.         Zoology

A learner has to take Discipline Specific Core Courses and Discipline Specific Elective Courses from the above mentioned three Disciplines ONLY in all the subsequent semesters as per the following Programme Structure Template:

 

* 1.   As per CBCS, in disciplines such as Botany, Chemistry, Physics and Zoology, where

Laboratory work is compulsory, a 6 Credit Course is offered as a combination of two Courses in the same subject area: 4 Credits Theory Course + 2 Credits Laboratory Course. Both these courses in a given subject area of a discipline are to be taken together compulsorily.

2.        Every course offered by the Mathematics discipline, which does not require Laboratory work, is a single course of 6 Credits which includes 1 Credit worth of Tutorials.

3.          In the Geography discipline, some courses areas do require Laboratory works whereas, some courses areas do not require any Laboratory work. Therefore, the Courses of the Geography discipline are of two types: some Courses (which require Laboratory work) are combination of a 4 Credits Theory Course and A 2 Credits Laboratory Course in the same subject area (which are to be taken together compulsorily) and some Courses (which do not require Laboratory work) are of 6 Credits each which includes 1 Credit worth of Tutorials.

Explanation of terms used for categorization of courses:

1.         Discipline Specific Core Courses (DSC): A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a core requirement is termed as a Core course.

2.         Elective Course (DE): Generally a course which can be chosen from a pool of courses and which may be very specific or specialized or advanced or supportive to the discipline/ subject of study or which provides an extended scope or which enables an exposure to some other discipline/subject/domain or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is called an Elective Course. The Elective course may be offered in following types:

2.1 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be offered by the main discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline Specific Elective.

2.2 Dissertation/Project: An elective course designed to acquire special/advanced knowledge, such as supplement study/support study to a project work, and a candidate studies such a course on his own with an advisory support by a counsellor/faculty member is called dissertation/project.

2.3 Generic Elective (GE) Course: An elective course chosen generally from an unrelated discipline/subject, with an intention to seek exposure is called a Generic Elective. In B.Sc. programme presently we are not offering any such course

P.S.: A core course offered in a discipline/subject may be treated as an elective by other discipline/subject and vice versa and such electives may also be referred to as Generic Elective.

3.         Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC): AECC may be of two kinds: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC) and Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC). “AECC” courses are the courses based upon the content that leads to knowledge enhancement; i. Environmental Science and ii. English/MIL Communication. These are mandatory for all disciplines. SEC courses are value-based and/or skill-based and are aimed at providing hands-on-training, competencies and skills.

3.1 Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC): Environmental Science, English Communication/MIL Communication.

3.2 Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC): These courses may be chosen from a pool of courses designed to provide value-based and/or skill-based knowledge.

3.1    Discipline-Wise List of Courses for IGNOU B. Sc. (General) Programme

The list of courses available under each of the four categories [Discipline Specific Core Courses (DSC), Discipline Specific Electives (DSE), Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC), and Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)] is given in the following tables:

Table 5: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course

Environmental Studies

Course Code	Title of the Course	No. of Credits
BEVAE-181	Environmental Studies	4

English

Course Code	Title of the Course	No. of Credits
BEGAE-182	English Communication Skills	4

Hindi

Course Code	Title of the Course	No. of Credits
BHDAE-182	HINDI BHASHA KA SAMPRESAN	4

3.2 Semester-wise Course Options for IGNOU B.Sc. (General)

The Bachelor’s Degree in Science is of 132 credits spread over six semesters (three years) with study load worth 22 credits in each semester. The learners have to select any three Disciplines for study as per their interest in which they want to obtain their Bachelor’s Degree in Science. They have to make a conscious decision of choosing the Disciplines they want to study since the Disciplines once chosen in first semester will have to be studied in the subsequent semesters also. In each semester, the students have to choose 4 courses in all from different categories of courses. The courses given in pairs need to be taken in together. While the courses under DCC and DSE Categories are of 6 credits each, the courses under AEC and SEC are of 4 credits each. Therefore, the study load will be 22 credits in each semester. While the detailed nomenclature and number of credits for different courses have been presented earlier, the following table presents the CODES of Courses available as option in each semester from different categories of courses with credit load:

**You may also select any skill enhancement course from the list of BA General Programme

3.3 Advise for Choice of Courses

You have full freedom to select any combinations of three disciplines out of seven disciplines mentioned in the list. But we suggest that you choose a combination out of some popular combinations which are presently available in our other Indian universities.

1.    Physics-Chemistry-Mathematics (PCM)

2.    Chemistry-Botany-Zoology (CBZ)

3.    Physics-Chemistry-Geology (PCG)

4.    Physics-Mathematics-Geology (PMG)

5.    Chemistry-Geology-Zoology (CGZ)

6.    Chemistry-Geology-Botany (CGB)

7.    Physics-Mathematics-Geography (PMG)

8.    Chemistry-Geography-Geology (CGG)

9.    Botany-Zoology-Geography (BZG)

IGNOU SYLLABUS FOR BSc CHEMISTRY

Course Code: BCHCT-131 Course Title: Atomic Structure, Bonding , General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Credit-4
Bohr’s Theory: Earlier Atomic Models; Dalton, Thomson and Rutherford Models; Bohr Atom Model: Calculation of Radius of Orbits, Energy of an Electron in an Orbit; Hydrogen Atom Spectrum and Bohr’s Theory; Critical Analysis and Limitations of Bohr’s Theory, Sommerfeld Modification.

Dual Behaviour of Radiation and Matter: The Nature of Radiation: Light as an Electromagnetic Wave, Particle Nature of Radiation; Nature of Matter: de-Broglie’s Relation, Matter Waves, Davisson and Germer Experiment; Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

Quantum Mechanical Approach: Need for a New Approach to Atomic Structure; What is

Quantum Mechanics?: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics,Observables and Operators, Eigenfunctions, Eigenvalues; Time-independent Schrödinger Equation; Significance of y

and y ² _; Applications of Schrödinger Equation: Energy States of the Hydrogen-like Atoms.

Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen Atom, Significance of Quantum Numbers; Radial Distribution Functions, The Most Probable Distance; Angular Dependence of the Wave Function and Shapes of Atomic Orbitals; Radial and Angular Nodes and their Significance; Discovery of Spin, Spin Quantum Number (s), Magnetic Spin Quantum Number (m_s)

Electronic Configuration of Multi-Electron Atoms: Energy Levels for Multi-Electron Atoms; Rules for Filling of Electrons in Various Orbitals,The aufbau Principle, Hund’s Rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle; Electronic Configuration of Some Multi-Electron Atoms, Stability of Half-Filled and Completely Filled Orbitals, Concept of Exchange Energy, Anomalous Electronic Configurations.

Ionic Bond: Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts, Effective Nuclear Charge, Ionisation Energy, Electron Affinity, Electronegativity; Ionic Bond, Characteristics of Ionic Compounds, Ionic Radii, Lattice Energy; Solubility and Solvation Energy; Polarising Power and Ploarisability of Ions, Fajan’s Rules;The Bonding Continuum; Bond Polarity, Dipole Moments, Determination of Dipole Moment, Application of Dipole Moment Studies.

Covalent Bond: Classical Theory of Covalent Bond, Lewis Concept of Covalent Bond, Writing Lewis Structures, Formal Charge: Predicting Preferred Lewis Structure, Coordinate Covalent Bonds; Characteristics of Covalent Compounds, Covalent Bond Parameters; Molecular Geometry: Valence Shell Electron Pair RepulsionTheory, Central Atom havingonly Bond Pairs, Central Atom having Bond Pairs and Lone Pairs, Central Atom having Multiple Bonds.

Valence Bond Theory: The Origin of Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories; Principles of Valence Bond Theory; Valence Bond Theory of Hydrogen Molecule; Resonance or Electron Delocalisation; Resonating Structures; Hybridisation of Orbitals.

Molecular Orbital Theory: Molecular Orbital Theory, LCAO method, Bonding and Antibonding Molecular Orbitals, Molecular Orbitals and their Characteristics, s-s combination of Atomic Orbitals, s-p combination of Atomic Orbitals, p-p combination of Atomic Orbitals, Non-bonding combination of Atomic Orbitals; Rules for Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals;

Molecular Orbital treatment of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules; Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules; Comparison of Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories.

Stereochemistry I: Geometrical and Optical Isomerisms: Isomerism; Geometrical Isomerism, cis–, trans–Nomenclature, E/Z Nomenclature, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules; Characterisation of Geometrical Isomers; Optical Isomerism; Plane Polarised Light and Optical Activity, Origin of Optical Activity; Chirality, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Meso Compounds.

Sterochemistry-II: Configurational Isomers: Configuration and Fischer Projection Formulae; Configurational Notations, R/S System, Erythro and threo Nomenclature; Racemic Mixtures and their Resolution.

Sterochemistry-III: Conformational Isomerism: Conformational Isomers: Newman and Sawhorse Representations; Conformations of Ethane; Conformations of Butane; Conformations of Cyclic Systems, Conformations of Cyclohexane.

Structure - Reactivity Relationships: What are Acids and Bases?; Strengths of Acids and Bases; Factors Affecting the Strengths of Acids and Bases, Inductive Effect, Resonance Effect, Hyperconjugation, Hydrogen Bonding, Steric Effect; Tautomerism.

Reactions and Reactive Intermediates: Cleavage of Bonds, Bond Heterolysis, Bond Homolysis; Types of Reagents, Nucleophiles, Electrophiles; Types of Reactions, Substitution Reactions, Addition Reactions, Elimination Reactions, Polymerisation Reactions; Reactive Intermediates, Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals.

Alkanes: Petroleum: A Source of Alkanes, Composition of Petroleum; Physical Properties; Preparation of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Kolbe’s Electrolytic Method, Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons,Reduction of Alkyl Halides; Decarboxylation of the Carboxylic Acids, Preparation of Cycloalkanes; Reactions of Alkanes, Halogenation, Nitration, Isomerisation, Aromatisation, Pyrolysis, Reactions of Small Ring Compounds.

Alkenes-I: Alkenes and their Classification; Physical Properties; Preparation of Alkenes, Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides, Dehydration of Alcohols, Hydrogenation of Alkynes, Preparation of Dienes.

Alkenes-II: Reactions of Alkenes, Halogenation, Hydrohalogenation, Hydration, Oxymercuration-demercuration Reaction, Hydroboration, Ozonolysis, Hydroxylation.

Alkynes: Alkynes and their Types; Physical Properties and Uses; Preparation of Alkynes, Dehydrohalogenation of Dihalides, Dehalogenation of Tetrahalides, Alkylation of Ethyne; Reactions of Alkynes, Hydrogenation, Hydrohalogenation, Halogenation, Hydration, Ozonolysis, Hydroboration,

Aromaticity: Aromatic Compounds- an Introduction; Physical Properties; IUPAC Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds, Nomenclature of Benzene and its Derivatives, Disubstituted Benzenes; Structure of Benzene; Resonance, Molecular orbital model of benzene, Representation of Benzene Ring; Aromaticity, Cyclobutadiene, Cyclopentadiene, Benzene, Cyclooctatetraene.

Course Code: BCHCL-132 Course Title: Atomic Structure, Bonding , General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Credit-2
Titrimetry: An Introduction: Introduction: Apparatus Commonly Used, How to Use a Pipette,

How to Use a Burette, How to Use a Volumetric Flask, How to Use an Analytical Balance; Expression of Concentration; Standard Solution; Titration, Types of Indicators,Types of Titrations; Instrumental Determination of Equivalence Point; Safety Measures in the Laboratory.

List of Experiments:

Experiment 1: Determination of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate in a Mixture by indicator method

Experiment 2: Estimation of Oxalic Acid by Redox Titration

Experiment 3: Estimation of Water of Crystallisation in Mohr’s Salt

Experiment 4: Estimation of Copper ions by Chromatometry using internal indicator

Experiment 5: Estimation of Copper Iodometrically

Experiment 6: Detection of Extra Elements (N, S, X) in the Organic Compounds

Experiment 7: Separation and Identification the Components of a given Mixture of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography

Experiment 8: Separation and Identification the Sugars present in the given Mixture by Paper Chromatography.

Course Code: BCHCT-133 Course Title:Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional  Group Organic Chemistry I Credit-4
Chemical Energetics: Thermodynamics and its Importance; Thermodynamic Terminology; Thermodynamic Processes, Work, Heat and Heat Capacity; Thermodynamic reversibility; The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Changes Under Constant Volume;

Internal Energy; Work of Expansion; Heat Changes Under Constant Pressure; Enthalpy and Enthalpy Changes.

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions; Calorimetry, Thermochemical Equations, Standard Enthalpy Changes, Relationship between D_rU and D_rH; Standard enthalpy of formation and its determination; Enthalpy Changes in Different types of Reactions; Kirchhoff’s Equation; Bond Enthalpies, Bond Dissociation Enthalpy, Estimation of Enthalpies of Reaction and Formation.

Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics:Spontaneous Processes, Enthalpy and Spontaneity, Entropy, Entropy and Spontaneity, Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, The Third Law of Thermodynamics, Determination of Absolute Entropy, Concept of Residual Entropy.

Chemical Equilibrium I: Reversible and Irreversible Reactions, Gibb’s Energy Change in a Chemical Reaction, Distinction between ∆G and ∆G⁰ Chemical Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixtures, Thermodynamic Derivation of Law of Chemical Equilibrium, Equilibrium constants and relationship between K_p, K_x, K_c.

Chemical Equilibrium II: Application of Equilibrium Studies, Le-Chatelier Principle, Effect of Change in Concentration, Pressure and Temperature, effect of addition of Inert Gas / Catalyst.

Ionic Equilibrium I: Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes, Strong and Weak Electrolytes, Degree of Ionization and Factors Affecting Degree of Ionization, Ionization Constant and Ostwald’s Dilution Law, Review of Theories of Acids and Bases, Ionic Product of Water, K_w, pH Scale and Calculation of pH.

Ionic Equilibrium II: Ionisation Constants of Weak Acids and Bases, Ionisation of Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids; Strength of Acids and Bases, Common Ion Effect, Buffer Solutions, Buffer Action.

Ionic Equilibrium III: Salt Hydrolysis, Hydrolysis Constant and Degree of Hydrolysis, Acidic, Basic and Neutral Salts, pH of Salt Solutions, Solubility and Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts, Applications of Solubility Product Principle.

Preparation of Aromatic Compounds: Aromatic Hydrocarbons: An Introduction; Nomenclature: A Recall; Structure of Benzene: A Recall; Physical Properties, Isolation of Benzene; Preparations of Benzene, From Phenol, By Decarboxylation, From Acetylene, From Benzene Sulphonic Acid.

Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons-I: Electrophilic Substitution; General Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions; Reactions of Benzene, Nitration, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Friedel-Craft’s Alkylation and its Limitations; Friedel-Craft’s Acylation.

Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons-II: Effect of Substituents on Reactivity; Activators and Deactivators; Effect of Substituents on Orientation, Ortho and Para-Directing Activator, Meta-Directing Deactivator, Ortho and Para-Directing Deactivator; Reactions of Side-Chain of Benzene, Oxidation of Side-Chain.

Alkyl Halides: Classification of Halogen Derivatives; Preparation of Alkyl Halides; Structure and Properties of Halogen Derivatives, Structure of Halogen Derivatives, Physical Properties of Halogen Derivatives, Chemical Properties of Alkyl Halides; Uses of Alkyl Halides; Lab Detection.

Aryl Halides: Structure and Reactivity; Preparation of Aryl Halides, From Aromatic Hydrocarbon, From Aromatic Amide; Reaction of Aryl Halides, Nucleophilic Substitution by Addition-Elimination, Nucleophilic Substitution via a Benzene Intermediate, Electophilic Substitution Reactions, Reactions due to C-X bond; Reactivity and Relative Strength of C-X Bond in Halogen Derivatives.

Alcohols: Classification of Alcohols; Structure of Alcohols; Preparation of Alcohols,

General Methods of the Preparation of Alcohols, Commercial Preparations of Alcohols; Physical Properties; Chemical Properties, Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols, Reaction of the O–H Bond, Reaction of the C–O Bond; Oxidation of Alcohols; Diols; Lab Detection.

Phenols: Structure and Reactivity; Physical Properties; Preparation of Phenol; Chemical Properties, Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenol, Reactions of Phenols, Reactions due to Hydroxyl Group, Reactions due to Aromatic Ring, Oxidation of Phenols, Condensation Reaction, Coupling Reaction, Libermann’s Nitroso reaction.

Ethers: Classification; Preparation of Ethers, Preparation of Open Chain Ethers, Preparation of Epoxides; Properties of Ethers, Physical Properties, Reactions of Open Chain Ethers, Reactions of Epoxides; Crown Ethers and Kryptands(as good hosts); Industrial Uses.

Aldehydes And Ketones: Structure and Physical and Properties, Structure of the Carbonyl Group, Physical Properties; Preparation, General Methods of Preparation, Industrial Methods of Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones; Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones, Addition Reactions, Reactions Involving a-Hydrogen, Oxidation, Reduction, Condensation, Specific Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones; Industrial Uses.

Aromatic Aldehydes And Ketones:Preparation of Bezaldehyde and Phenylethanone; Structure and Properties of Aryl aldehydes and ketones

Course Code: BCHCL-134 Course Title:Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional  Group Organic Chemistry I Credit-2
Thermochemistry and Determination of Enthalpy of Neutralisation: Some Fundamental Concepts; The First Law of Thermodynamics; The Enthalpy of a Reaction; The Enthalpy of Neutralisation

List of Experiments:

Experiment 1a: Determination of the Heat Capacity of the Colorimeter, Heat Exchange Method

Experiment 1b: Determination of the Enthalpy of Neutralisation of, Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

Experiment 2: Determination of the Enthalpies of Neutralisation and Ionisation of Acetic Acid The Enthalpy of Solution:

Experiment 3: Determination of the Integral Enthalpy of Solution of Ammonium Chloride

Experiment 4: Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.

Experiment 5: Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of  H.

Experiment 6: Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps using pH-meter.

Experiment 7: Preparation of buffer solutions: (i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid (ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide.

Experiment 8: Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and distillation.

Experiment 9:  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

Experiment 10: Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

Experiment 11: Benzoylation of amines/phenolsExperiment 12: Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

Course Code: BCHCT-135 Course Title:Solutions, Phase Equilibrium,Conductance,  and Functional  Group Organic Chemistry II Credit-4
Solutions-I: Types of Solutions; Different Modes of Expressing Concentration of Solution; Solutions of Solids in Liquids; Solutions of Gases in Liquids; Ideal Solutions, Raoult’s Law, Raoult’s Law curves, Thermodynamics of Ideal Solutions; Non-ideal Solutions, Raoult’s Law Curves; Vapour Pressure Variation with Liquid and Vapour Composition (for Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions); Boiling Point Diagrams – Temperature - Composition Curves (for Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions), Distillation of Ideal Solutions, Lever Rule, Distillation of Solutions exhibiting Positive and Negative Deviations- Azeotropes.

Solutions-II: Partially Miscible Liquid Systems, Critical Solution Temperatures, Effect of Impurity on Partial Miscibility of Liquids; Immiscible Liquid Pairs, Principle of Steam Distillation; Nernst Distribution Law and its Applications, Nernst Distribution Law ,Dissociation of A Solute in one of the Solvents, Association of a Solute in one of the Solvents, Solvent Extraction.

Phase Equilibrium-I: Definition of the Terms; Phases, Components, Degrees of Freedom of a System; Criteria for Phase Equilibrium; Gibbs Phase Rule and its Thermodynamic Derivation; Derivation of Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and its Importance in Phase Equilibria.

Phase Equilibrium-II: Application of Phase Rule to One Component Systems, Phase Diagram of Water, Phase Diagram of Sulphur; Application of Phase Rule to Two Component Systems, Phase Rule for Two Component Systems, Simple Eutectic System,(Pb-Ag system), System involving Congruent Melting Point, (FeCl₃ -H₂O system), System involving Incongruent Melting Point (Na-K system).

Conductance-I: Electrolytic Conductance; Molar Conductivity; Molar Conductance at Infinite Dilution, (Variation with Dilution for Strong and Weak Electrolytes); Molar Conductance for Strong electrolytes, Kohlrausch Law of Independent Migration of Ions.

Conductance-II: Ionic Mobilities and Transference Number; Determination of Transference Number, Hittorf Method, Moving Boundary Method; Application of Conductivity Measurements, Determination of Degree of Ionisation of Weak Electrolytes, Determination of Solubility and Solubility Products of Sparingly Soluble Salts, Determination of Ionic Product of Water, Determination of Hydrolysis Constant of a Salt,ConductometricTitrations (Acid - base).

Electrochemistry-I: Reversible and Irreversible Cells; Concept of EMF of a Cell, Experimental Measurement of EMF; Standard Electrode Potential, Electrochemical Series; Electrochemical Cell Representation and Cell Reaction; Types of electrodes, Metal-Metal Ion Electrodes, Gas Electrodes, Amalgam Electrode, Metal-Insoluble Salt Electrode, Membrane Electrode, Redox Electrode; Nernst Equation and its Importance; Thermodynamics of a Reversible Cell, Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties: DG, DH and DS from EMF data; Calculation of Equilibrium Constant from EMF Data.

Electrochemistry-II: Types of Galvanic Cells, Chemical Cells and Concentration Cells ; Concentration Cells With Transference and Without Transference; Liquid Junction Potential and Salt Bridge; Applications of EMF Measurements, pH Determination, using Hydrogen Electrode, using Quinhydrone Electrode, Potentiometric Titrations-Qualitative treatment, (Acid-base and Oxidation-reductiononly); Electrolytic Cells, Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis; Applications of Electrolysis.

Carboxylic Acids: Structure and Reactivity; Physical Properties; Preparation of Carboxylic Acids; Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, Conversion to Alkanoyl Halides, Esterification, Conversion to Amides, Hell-Vohlard-Zelinsky Reaction, Reduction, Decarboxylation.

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Structure and Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives; Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives; Carboxylic Acid Halides, Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Halides, Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Halides; Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides, Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides, Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides; Carboxylic Acid Esters, Preparation of Carboxylic Acid esters, Reactions of Carboxylic Acid esters, Reformatsky Reaction; Amides, Preparation of Amides, Reactions of Amides.

Amines: Structure and Reactivity of Amines; Physical Properties of Amines; Preparation of Amines; from Alkyl Halides, from Gabriel’s Phthalimide Synthesis, from Hofmann Bromamide Degradation; Reactions of Amines, Hofmann elimination, Schotten-Baumann Reaction; Reaction of aliphatic amine with HNO₂; Electrophilic Substitution (of Aniline), Nitration, Bromination, Sulphonation; Laboratory Detection of Amines, Carbylamine Test, Hinsberg Test.

Diazonium Salts: Preparation from Aromatic Amines; Reactions of Diazonium Salts, Conversion to, Benzene, Phenol, Sandmeyer Reaction, Dyes.

Amino Acids and Peptides; Structure and Physical Properties Amino Acids, Zwitter Ion, Isoelectric Point and Electrophoresis (+optical activity in brief): Synthesis of 2-Amino Acids: Gabriel’s Phthalimide Synthesis, Strecker Synthesis; Structure of Peptides; Synthesis of Peptides, Synthesis by N-protection, t-Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) Group, Phthaloyl Group, Synthesis by C-Activating Groups; Merrifield Solid-Phase Synthesis; Lab Detection of Amino Acids, Complexation with Cu²⁺, Ninhydrin Test.

Structure of Peptides and Proteins: Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structures of Proteins; Determination of Primary Structure of Peptides and Proteins, Partial Hydrolysis, End Group Analysis, N-terminal Identification by, Degradation (i) Sanger Method (ii) Edman degradation, C-terminal Identification (with Carboxypeptidase Enzyme).

Carbohydrates-I: Monosaccharides: Classification of Carbohydrates; General Properties; Structure of Glucose and Fructose; Configuration of Monosaccharides, Absolute Configuration of Glucose and Fructose, Mutarotation; Ascending and Descending of Chains in Monosaccharides.

Carbohydrates-II: Disaccharrides and Polysaccharrides: Structure of Disaccharrides, Sucrose, Cellobiose, Maltose, Lactose; Structure of Polysaccharrides, Starch, Cellulose, (Excluding their Structure Elucidation).

Course Code: BCHCL-135 Course Title:Solutions, Phase Equilibrium,Conductance,  and Functional  Group Organic Chemistry II Credit-2
List of Experiments:

Experiment 1     Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:

I₂(aq) + I^-(aq) ⇋ I₃^-(aq)

Cu²⁺(aq) + xNH₂(aq) ⇋ [Cu(NH₃)_x]²⁺

Experiment 2     Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using cooling curves.

Experiment 3     Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration for the phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature

Experiment 4     Study of the effect of impurities on CST of phenol – water system

Experiment 5       Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid.

Experiment 6       Conductometric titrations of the following:

a)  Strong acid vs. strong base

b)  Weak acid vs. strong base          Experiment 7 Potentiometric titrations of the following:

a)  Strong acid vs. strong base

b)  Weak acid vs. strong base

Experiment 8       Systematic qualitative organic analysis of organic compounds possessing functional groups: carboxylic acid, phenol, aldehydes and ketones, amide, nitro and aromatic amines preparation of their derivatives

Experiment 9       Systematic qualitative organic analysis of organic compounds possessing unknown functional group and its derivative (Five to six samples)

Experiment 10     Differentiation between a reducing and a nonreducing sugars

Experiment 11     Separation of amino acids/sugars by Paper Chromatography/ Thin Layer Chromatography (Optional)

Experiment 12     Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.

Experiment 13     Action of salivary amylase on starch and effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch
Course Code: BCHCT-137 Course Title: Coordination Chemistry, States Credits: 4 of Matter & Chemical Kinetics

Transition Elements-I: Electronic Configuration ; General Characteristics; Periodic Trends in Properties, Atomic Radii, Atomic Volume and Density, Melting and Boiling Points, Ionisation Energy, Electronegativity, Electrode Potential, Oxidation States, Stability of various Oxidation States for Mn, Fe and Cu, Latimer diagrams.

Transition Elements-II: Formation of Complexes; Colour of Transition Metal Compounds; Magnetic Properties; Catalytic Properties.

Inner-Transition Elements: General Characteristics, Electronic Configuration and Position in Periodic Table, Lanthanide Contraction, Atomic Radii, Oxidation States, Colour of Ions, Electrode Potentials, Magnetic Properties; Separation of Lanthanides, Ion-Exchange Method.

Coordination Chemistry-I: Coordination Chemistry, Werner’s Coordination Theory; Some Basic Definitions, Complex, Ligands, Coordination Number; Nomenclature, IUPAC System.

Coordination Chemistry –II : Isomerism in Coordination Compound, Structural Isomerism (Coordination Numbers 4 and 6), Stereoisomerism (Coordination Numbers 4 and 6); Theories of Bonding as applied to Complexes, Valence Bond Theory, Inner and Outer Orbital Complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu.

Crystal Field Theory-I : Crystal Field Theory, Crystal Field Splitting in Octahedral Complexes, Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE); Crystal Field Effects , Weak and Strong Fields; Factors affecting the Magnitude of Crystal Field Splitting Energy, Spectrochemical Series.

Crystal Field Theory-II: Crystal Field Splitting in Tetrahedral Complexes; Comparison of CFSE for O_h and T_d Complexes; Crystal Field Splitting in Square Planar Complexes, Tetragonal Distortion of Octahedral Geometry, Jahn-Teller Distortion, Square Planar Coordination; Some common applications of Complexes.

Kinetic Theory of Gases : Recapitulation of the Gas Laws; Equation of State of Ideal Gases; Kinetic Theory of Gases, Postulates of Kinetic Theory; Kinetic Gas Equation; Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution, Molecular Velocities, Molecular Energies, Temperature Dependence of these Distributions; Principle of Equipartition of Energy; Intermolecular Collisions; Mean Free Path.

Real Gases and their Liquefaction: Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior, Compressibility Factor, Causes of Deviation; Van der Waals Equation, Boyle Temperature; Critical Phenomenon, Andrews Isotherms of CO₂, Critical Constants and van der Waals Constants, Determination of Critical Constants; Viscosity of Gases, Effect of Temperature and Pressure.

Liquids : Comparison of Liquids with Gases and Solid; Structure of Liquids; Surface Tension, Determination Surface Tension; Viscosity of a Liquid, Determination of Coefficient of Viscosity; Effect of temperature on surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid.

Solids - I: Amorphous and Crystalline Solids; Symmetry Elements; Crystal Lattice, Unit Cell; Bravais Lattices and Crystal Systems, Bravais Lattice, Cubic System Geometry; Laws of Crystallography, Law of Constancy of Interfacial Angles, Law of Rational Indices; Crystal Planes and Miller Indices.

Solids –II: X-rays Diffraction, Bragg’s Law; Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl; Defects in Crystals; Glasses and Liquid Crystals.

Chemical Kinetics – I: Rate of a Reaction, Experimental Determination, Factors affecting Rate of a Reaction; Rate Law and Rate Constant, Order and Molecularity; Integrated Rate Laws, Zero Order Reactions, First Order Reactions, Second Order Reactions

Chemical Kinetics – II: Determining the Order of a Reaction, Initial Rate Method, Integral Method, Graphical Method, Half-life Method, Isolation Method; Theories of Reaction Rates, Collision theory, Activated Complex Theory of Bimolecular Reactions, Collision Theory and Arrhenius Theory – a Comparison.
Course Code: BCHCL-137 Course Title: Coordination Chemistry, States Credits: 2 of Matter & Chemical Kinetics 

1.    Qualitative Inorganic Analysis of 6 known and 6 unknown samples (semi-micro qualitative analysis using H₂S of mixtures – not more than four ionic species, two

anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts)

[Cations: NH₄⁺, Pb²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Sb³⁺, Sb⁵⁺, Sn⁴⁺, Al³⁺ Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺ , K⁺

Anions: Sulphide, Sulphite, Thiosulphate, Nitrite, Acetate, Oxalate, Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Borate Ions].

2.    To determine Nickel gravimetrically as the dimethylglyoximate or

To determine Aluminium gravimetrically as Aluminium 8-hydroxyquinolinate.

3.      To estimate Magnesium or Zinc Ions in a mixture by complexometry or

To estimate total hardness of a given sample of water by complexometric titration.

4.    To draw calibration curve (absorbance at λmax vs. concentration) for various concentrations of a given coloured compound (KMnO₄/ CoSO₄) and estimate the concentration of the same in a given solution. (demonstation/optional).

5.    To determine the composition of the Fe³⁺-salicylic acid complex solution by Job’s method. (demonstation/optional)

6.    To determine the Surface Tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer.

7.    To Study the Variation of Surface Tension with the Concentration of a Detergent solution.

8.    To determine the Coefficient of Viscosity of a liquid or a dilute Solution by Ostwald Viscometer or To study the variation of Viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration of solute.

9.    To study the Kinetics of Reaction between Peroxydisulphate and Iodide Ions by Initial rate method (Iodine Clock Method)

10.  To study the Kinetics of Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Ester – Titrimetry or To study the Kinetics of Saponification of Ester – Titrimetry.

11.  To Compare the strengths of HCl and H₂SO₄ by studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl acetate.

9.2.2 Chemistry 

Course Code: BCHET-141 Course Title: Analytical Methods in CHEMISTRY CREDITS: 4
Sampling and Error in Chemical Analysis: Sampling, Evaluation of Analytical Data,

Errors, Accuracy and Precision

Treatment of Analytical Data: Normal Law of Distribution of Indeterminate Errors,

Statistical test of data: F test, T test, Rejection of Data: Q test, Confidence Intervals

Solvent Extraction Technique: Classification, Principle, Efficiency of the Technique,

Mechanism of Extraction: Extraction by Solvation and Chelation

Applications of Extraction Techniques: Technique of Extraction, Batch, Continuous, Counter Current Extractions, Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Solvent Extraction, Extraction of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution, Extraction of Organic Species,: (From Aqueous Media, and From Non-aqueous Media,)

General Aspects of Chromatography: Classification of Chromatographic Methods, Partition Chromatography: Paper Chromatography: Principle ,Efficiency of the Technique, Mechanism of Separation, Development of Chromatograms,

Adsorption Chromatography: Classification, Principle, Efficiency of the Technique,

Mechanism of Separation, Adsorption and Partition, Development of Chromatograms:

Frontal, Elution and Displacement Methods

Ion Exchange Chromatography: Ion Exchange Materials, Principle of Ion Exchange,Ion Exchange Capacity, Mechanism of Ion Exchange,

Thermal Methods of Analysis: Theory of Thermogravimetry (TG), Basic Principle of Instrumentation, Techniques for Quantitative Estimation of Ca and Mg from their Mixture

Potentiometry: Classification of Electroanalytical Methods, Basic Principle of Potentiometry, pH Metric Titration, Potentiometric Titrations,

Conductometry: Basic Principle of Conductometry, Conductometric Titrations, Applications of Conductometry,

Electromagnetic Radiation: Origin of Spectra, Classification, Radiation with Matter, Fundamental Laws of Spectroscopy

UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic Principles of Instrumentation, Single Beam Instrument, (Source, Monochromator, Detector, Double Beam Instrument, Source, Monochromator and

Detector) , Applications: Estimation of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution, Geometrical Isomers, Keto-Enol Tautomers, Determination of Composition of Metal Complexes Using Job’s Method

Infrared Spectrometry: Basic Principles of Instrumentation, Single Beam Instrument: Source,

Monochromator, Detector, and Double Beam Instrument: Source, Monochromator,

Detector, Sampling Techniques, Structural Elucidation Data Interpretation , Effect and Importance of Isotope Substitution

Flame Atomic Absorption: Basic Principles of Instrumentation, Choice of Source, Monochromator, Detector, Choice of Flame, Burner Designs, Techniques of Atomization and Sample Introduction, Method of Background Correction, Chemical Interferences and their Method of Removal, Quantitative Estimation.

Emission Spectrometry: Basic Principles of Instrumentation, Choice of Source, Monochromator, Detector, Choice of Flame, Burner Designs, Techniques of Atomization and Sample Introduction, Method of Background Correction, Chemical Interferences and their Method of Removal, Quantitative Estimation.

Course Code: BCHEL-142 Course Title: Analytical Methods in CHEMISTRY CREDITS: 4
List of Experiments

¹           Separation of mixtures: Paper chromatographic separation of ^Fe3+, Al3⁺, and Cr3⁺.

²           Separation and identification of the monosaccharides present in the given mixture (glucose & fructose) by paper chromatography. Reporting the Rf values.

³            Separation of a mixture of Sudan yellow and Sudan Red by TLC technique and identify them

on the basis of their Rf values.

⁴           Chromatographic separation of active ingredients of plants, flowers and juices by TLC

5	To separate a mixture of Ni	2+	& Fe	2+	2+
					by complexation with DMG and extracting         the Ni

DMG complex in chloroform, and determine its concentration by spectrophotometry/photometry.

⁶           Determine the pH of the given aerated drinks fruit juices, shampoos and soaps.

⁷           Determination of pH of soil.

⁸           Total soluble salt in soil

⁹           Estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, nitrate in soil

¹⁰         Determination of exchange capacity of cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins

¹¹        Separation of metal ions from their binary mixture by ion exchange

¹²            Separation of amino acids from organic acids by ion exchange chromatography.

¹³            Determination of pKa values of a weak acid by pH metry.

¹⁴            Structural characterization of compounds by infrared spectroscopy.

Course Code: BCHET-142 Course Title: Molecules of LIFE CREDITS: 4 CredIts

Cell Structure and Function: The cell- an overview, Biochemical Composition of cell; Domains of Life, Prokaryotic Cell, Eukaryotic Cell, Comparison of Cellular Organisation; Functions of Cell Organelles; Separation of Subcellular Organelles

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides: Classification of Carbohydrates; Physical and Chemical Properties; Structure of Glucose and Fructose, Open Chain Structure; Configuration of Glucose and Fructose, Cyclic Structures; Conformation of Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides: Formation of Disaccharides, Biologically Important Disaccharides, Reducing nature of Disaccharides; Formation of Polysaccharides, Biologically Important Polysaccharides, Reducing nature of Polysaccharides; Biological Importance of Carbohydrates

Amino Acids: Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins; Classification and Structure of Amino Acids; Physical Properties Amino Acids, Zwitterionic Structure, Isoelectric Point, Titration Curve; Separation of Amino Acids, Paper Electrophoresis

Peptides: Formation and Structure of Peptide Bond; Nomenclature of Peptides, Representation of Peptides; Synthesis of Peptides, Solution Phase Synthesis, Merrifield Solid-Phase Synthesis; Determination of Amino Acids Sequence; Biologically Important Peptides

Proteins: Structure and Function: Classification of Proteins; Properties of Proteins, Molecular weight, Denaturation, Colour Reactions; Structural Organisation of Proteins, Primary Structure of Proteins, Secondary Structure of Proteins, Tertiary Structure of Proteins, Quaternary Structure of Proteins; Biological functions of proteins

Introduction to Enzymes: Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes; General Characteristics of Enzymes; Factors Affecting Enzyme Action

Enzyme Action and Inhibition: Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Lock and Key Model, Induced Fit Theory; Cofactors and Coenzymes, Biological role of Cofactors and Coenzymes; Enzyme Inhibition, Allosteric, Reversible Covalent Modification

Enzyme and Drug Action: Medicines and Drugs; Drug Action-Receptor Theory; Structure Activity Relationship of Drug Molecules, Binding Role of -OH group, Binding Role of -NH₂ group; Enzymes as Drug Targets

Lipids-I: Lipids and their Classification; Oils and Fats; Composition of Oils and Fats, Chemical Properties of Oils and Fats

Lipids-II: Biological Importance of Lipids, Glycolipids, Phospholipids, Steroid hormones; Structure of Biological Membrane

Nucleic Acids: Nucleic Acids, Components of Nucleic acids, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Formation and Representation of Polynucleotides; Deoxyribonucleic Acids ,Watson-Crick Model, DNA polymorphism, DNA Denaturation; Ribonucleic Acids, Ribosomal RNA, Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA; The Genetic Code

Replication, Transcription and Translation: DNA-The Genetic Material, Griffiths and Avery Experiments, Hershey-Chase Experiment, DNA Content of Eukaryotic Cells; DNA Replication; RNA Transcription; Similarities between DNA Replication and RNA Transcription; Protein Biosynthesis

Bioenergetics: Calorific Values of Foods; Thermodynamics of Biochemical, Reactions, Conventions in Biochemical Energetics, Additivity of ∆G Values-Coupling Reactions; ATP-The Energy Carrier in Biological Energy Transformations, Hydrolysis of ATP, Role of ATP in Biological Energy Transformations, Structural Basis for the Role of ATP

Carbohydrate Metabolism: General Scheme of Metabolic Pathways, Catabolism and Anabolism, Convergence and Divergence; Glycolysis, Glycolytic Pathway and its Energetics; Metabolic Fate of Pyruvate, Lactate and Alcoholic Fermentation

Krebs Cycle and its Metabolic Role: Conversion of Pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA; Krebs Cycle, Entry of Acetyl-CoA, Other Reactions of the Krebs Cycle, Energetics of Krebs Cycle; Metabolic Role of the Krebs Cycle

Metabolism of Fats and Proteins: Catabolic Pathways of Fats; Catabolic Pathways of Proteins; Interrelationships between Metabolic Pathways

Course Code: BCHET-150 1Course Title: Molecules of LIFE CREDITS: 4 CredIts
List of Experiments

1.    To separate a mixture of amino acids by paper chromatography
2.  To determine the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.
3.  To study titration curve of glycine by pH-metric method
4.   To study the action of salivary amylase on starch
5.  To study the effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
6.    To determine the saponification value of an oil or fat
7.    To determine the iodine value of an oil or fat
8.      To determine the reducing/non-reducing nature of a given sugar
9.    To extract DNA from onion or cauliflower
10.   To synthesise aspirin by acetylation of salicylic acid and compare it with the ingredient of an aspirin tablet by TLC.

 9.3 Details of Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC)

BCHS-184 Course title:Basics of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Sale Credits:4
Introduction to Pharmacology: Drugs, Adulteration of Drugs, Drug Evaluation;

Sources of Drugs, Plant Sources, Animal Sources, Human Sources, Microbial Sources, Synthetic Sources;Routs of Drug Administration, Local Routes, Oral Routes, Parenteral Routes,Inhalation Route;Dosage Forms, Solid Dosage Form, Semisolid Dosage Form, Liquid Dosage Form, Inhalation Form, Parenteral Form

General Action of Drugs: Pharmacodynamics, Sites and Mechanism of Drug Action,Effects of Drug Action; Bioavailability,Distribution of Drug; Drug Absorption, Factors Affecting, Absorption, Biological Factors, Physio-Chemical Factors, Pharmaceutical Factors; Metabolism of Drugs, Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism; Excretion of Drugs, Renal, Pulmonary, Biliary, Excretion from other Routes; Adverse Drug Reaction/Drug Toxicity

Classification of Drugs: Classification of Drugs, Analgesic, Anti- Infectious, Anti-Histamines, Anti-Inflammatory, Gastro Intestinal Agents, Cardiovascular Drugs, Diuretic Agents, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Central Nervous System Depressants, Hormones, Vaccines, Diagnostic Agents, Nutritional Factors

Introduction to Pharmaceutics: Posology, Dosage Calculation for Children, Dosage Calculation for Adults; Medical Devices, Types of Medical Devices, Act, Medical Implants.Types of Implants.

Regulatory Authorities: Introduction to Regulatory Agencies, FDA, EMEA; Central Drug Standard Control Organization; Zonal Offices of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization;National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), Methodology / Procedure for Price Fixation, Procedure for Price Formulations; Pharmacopeias

Phases of Drug Development: Clinical Trial; Phases of Clinical Trial; BA/BE studies

Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and Rules-I: Background of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act; Some Important Terms; License for sales of Medicines (Retail & Wholesale); Labelling and Packaging of Medicines

Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules-II: Import/Manufacture of New Drug for Clinical Trials or Marketing; Application for Approval to Manufacture New Drug other than the Drug

Classifiable Under Schedules C and C (1); Permission to Import Drugs and Pharmaceuticals; Application for Permission to Conduct Clinical Trials for New, Drug/Investigational New Drug

Miscellaneous Acts and Rules: Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, Enforcement of NDPS Act, Investigative Procedures, Offences and Penalties, Precursor Control; The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) ACT, 1954, Prohibition of Advertisement of Certain Drugs for Treatment of Certain Diseases, Prohibition of Misleading Advertisements Relating to Drugs, Prohibition of Advertisement of Magic Remedies, Penalty; The Poisons Act, 1919, Power of the State Government for Sale of Poisons, Unlawful Action Importation of Poison, Imposition of Penalty, Power to Issue Search Warrant; The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971, The MTP Act-A protective Umbrella; The Medical and Toilet Preparation Act, 1955, Offences and Penalties, Permissible Rebate of Duty on Alcohol, etc., Supplied Manufacture of Dutiable Goods , The Schedule of Dutiable Goods

Introduction to Marketing and Sales Management; Meaning and Concepts of Marketing, Evolution of Marketing, Marketing Mix ; Meaning and Objectives of Sales Managements, Theories of Selling, Sales Forecasting; Sales Planning, Setting Sales Objectives, Sales and Distribution Strategy; Types and size of Sales Force, Promotional Tools, Sales Budgeting; Control System

Personal Selling and Communication Skills: Meaning and Objectives, Importance of Personal Selling; Situation Conducive for Personal Selling, Personal Selling Process, Sales Presentation; Qualities of a Good Medical Representative, Recruitment, Selection and Training of Sales Personal; Communication Skills,Elements and forms Of Communication, Negotiation Skills

Pharmaceutical Products Launch: Pre-launch exercise, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, Phase IV; Development of the Promotional Aids, Competing Products; Appointment of Stockiest; Sales Displays Of OTC Products; Nature and type of Middlemen, Types of Middlemen; Pharmaceutical Distribution Channels; Monitoring and Performance Evaluation

9.4 Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses

Course Code: BEVAE-181	Course Title: Environment Studies	Credits: 4

Earth is the only known planet in the solar system that supports life. Despite the vastness of the earth, life exists only in a very thin layer enveloping the earth called biosphere. Sun is the only source of energy which enables continuous interaction among various life forms. For a long period of time, there has been a symbiotic relationship between human being and nature. Due to excessive human interference and unsustainable practices, millions of people’s life and livelihoods and other living organisms on the earth are at risk. These environmental issues have now become common problems and shared responsibility of each individual on the earth to act judiciously to reverse these negative impacts. Therefore, there has been a growing need to create awareness amongst all the stakeholders. Keeping this in view, Environmental Study is being introduced as a compulsory course for all the learners at under-Graduate level.

Our Environment: Concept of environment; Different components of environment and their relationship; Human-environment relationship: concept of Sustainability and Sustainable development; Multidisciplinary nature of the environmental studies, its scope and importance.

Ecosystems: What is an ecosystem? (Concept of ecosystem, Components of ecosystem-producer consumers, decomposers); Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in ecosystem: trophic levels, food chains, food web, and ecological pyramid; Ecological succession.

Major Ecosystems: Forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystems: Case studies.

Land and Water: Renewable and non-renewable resources; Land as a resource; Land-use change; Land degradation; Soil erosion and desertification; Conservation and management of land resources: Case studies. Water as a resource; Over-exploitation of surface and ground water; Floods and droughts; International and inter-state conflict over water; Conservation and Management of water resource: Case studies.

Forest Resources: Forest as a resource; Deforestation and its Causes; Impact of mining and dam building on environment, forest, biodiversity and tribal populations; Conservation and management of forest resources: Case studies.

Biodiversity: Value And Services: Levels of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Bio-geographic zones of India; Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots; India as a mega-biodiversity nation; Endangered and endemic species of India; Ecosystem and biodiversity services: ecological, economic, social ethical, aesthetic informational value.

Energy Resources: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources; uses of alternate energy sources; growing energy needs; conservation and management of energy resources: Case studies.

Unit 8: Biodiversity: Threats and Conservation: Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, Human-wildlife conflicts in Indian context, biological invasions; Conservation of biodiversity: In situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Environmental Pollution and Hazard: Definitions; Types, causes, effects and controls of: air, water, soil and noise pollution; Nuclear Hazard. Hazard and Pollution Case Studies (human health risks).

Waste Management: Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste. Case Studies.

Global Environmental Issues: Global warming, climate change, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and their impact.

Environmental Legislation: Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention & control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act, International Agreements: Montreal protocols and conventional on Biological Diversity (CBD).

Human Communities and Environment: Human population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare; Resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected person case studies. Disaster Management; Natural Disasters: Floods, earthquake, cyclones and landslides.

Environmental Ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in environmental conservation. Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies.

TMA-Based on Field Work- Report of be submitted – 5 hours

·         Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river/forest/ flora/ fauna etc.

·         Visit to a local polluted site- Urban/ Rural / Industrial/ Agricultural

·         Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification

·         Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc

.

Course Code: BEGAE 182 Course Title: English Communication Skills  Credits: 4

English Communication Skills is of 4 credits and has 3 Blocks and 11 Units. Communication involves both verbal and non-verbal communication. In this Course we give you an understanding of the communication process, the barriers to it, the skills involved in communication i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing in both formal and informal contexts. We discuss the differences between spoken and written forms of the language and make you sensitive to conversational skills which include to a large extent body language.

Note: Detail Syllabi of some courses are not added at this stage as these are in the process of finalization.